Apr. 1996 C. Wetmore
Another key to all species of the group I have seen. See also my papers in Bryologist for later information (chlorina). Subject to revision.
American species in bold. Last edited 03 October, 1999.
1. Apothecia absent
..............................................................................................................
2
1. Apothecia present
.............................................................................................................
3
2. Thallus white, margin with lobes; center areoles with isidia;
mainly on calcareous rocks; Europe
............................................................................................................................
C. teicholyta
2. Thallus dark gray, without marginal lobes; with lobules, isidia or
blastidia; N. Am., Eur. ...... C. chlorina
3. Spores with three locules; spores 11-14 X 5.5-7 um; Venezuela
..................... C. araguana
3. Spores with 2 locules
........................................................................................................
4
4. Thallus and apothecial margins brown, K-, cN-
................................................................. 5
4. Thallus gray, apothecial margins gray, black or orange
....................................................... 8
5. Parasitic species; thallus absent; apothecial margins brown; disk
brownish red; spores 11-14 X 5.5-7 um, isthmus 2-4 um; N. Am., Eur.
............................................................. C.
grimmiae
5. Not parasitic; thallus obvious; disk brown or brownish orange
.......................................... 6
6. Spore isthmus 5.5-7 um; thallus lobed areolate, appressed to
substrate; spores 11-14 X 5.5-7 um; Mexico
...................................................................................................................
C. sp1
6. Spore isthmus 1.5-3 um
...................................................................................................
7
7. Thallus areolate, in mounds; spores 10-14 X 5-7 um, isthmus 2-3 um;
Europe .. C. congrediens
7. Thallus squamulose; spores 11-12.5 X 5-5.5 um, isthmus 1.5-3 um;
Mexico ...... C. hueana
8. Proper margins of apothecia dark or black; thallus light gray to
whitish ..............................9
8. Proper margins of apothecia orange or same color as thallus; thallus
medium to dark gray .. 17
9. With granules in thallus cortex or apothecia margin dissolving in
K; apothecial margin black or with black ring
.......................................................................................................................10
9. Without granules in cortex or margin; Apothecial margin gray or orange
............................ 13
10. Apothecia convex, usually with dark ring at margin; spore isthmus
3-4 um wide; disk reddish brown; spores 12.5-14 X 5.5-7 um, isthmus 3-4 um; Paraguay
.......................... C. balansana
10. Apothecia flat; disk brown to yellow brown; spore isthmus 4-5 um
.................................11
11. Thallus smooth, continuous to finely rimose areolate; spores 10-11
X 4-5.5 um, isthmus 4-5.5 um; tropics
.........................................................................................................
C. leptozona
11. Thallus coarsely areolate to subsquamulose, not smooth
................................................ 12
12. Thallus subsquamulose, thick; spores (10) 11-14 X (4) 5.5-7 um,
isthmus 4-5.5 um; Caribbean
.......................................................................................................................
C. boergesenii
12. Thallus areolate to dispersed, thin; spores (11) 12.5-14 (15.5) X
5.5-7 um, isthmus 5.5-7 (8.5) um; Caribbean
........................................................................................................
C. agrata
13. On maritime rocks; thallus whitish to light gray; hymenium 84-126
um; spores 14-18 X 8.5-11 um, isthmus 5.5-7 um; coastal NW N. Am.
........................................................ C. litoricola
13. On inland or high elevation rocks
................................................................................. 14
14. Thallus scant, hymenium 56-70 um; spores 11-15 X 5.5-7 um, isthmus
3-5.5 um; W. N. Am., Europe
...............................................................................................................
C. exsecuta
14. Thallus thick
.................................................................................................................15
15. Apothecial disks dirty yellowish; spores 14-15.5 X 8.5 um, isthmus
7 um; Europe ......... C. britzelmayri
15. Apothecial disks dark or black
.................................................................................... 16
16. Abundant algae in apothecial margin; spores 14 X 7-8.4 um, isthmus
4-5.5 um; Europe ... C. concilians
16. No algae in apothecial margin; spores 12.5-14 X 5.6-7 um, isthmus 4.2
um; Europe ........ C. conciliascens
17. Apothecial margins orange, no outer gray margin
............................................................. 18
17. Apothecial margins gray or same color as thallus or with inner orange
margin and outer gray margin
..................................................................................................................................
28
18. Pycnidial ostioles red or orange
...................................................................................... 19
18. Pycnidial ostioles black or not found
............................................................................... 21
19. Spore isthmus 2-4 um; pycnidial ostioles orange; spores 14-18 X
4-8.5 um; coastal W. N. Am.
.........................................................................................................................
C. luteominia
19. Spore isthmus 4-8.5 um; pycnidial ostioles red
.............................................................. 20
20. Collected in Sonoran desert; parathecium with oval to elongated
cells; thallus cortex cellular with necral layer, brown pigment layer K-; hypothecium
hyaline; often with outer gray apothecial margin; thallus subsquamulose to areolate;
spores (11) 12.5-15.5 (17) X 5.5-8.5 um, isthmus 4-7 um
..............................................................................................................................
C. sonorae
20. Collected in Caribbean or S. Europe; parathecium with radiating
hyphae; thallus cortex without distinct cells, without necral layer, no brown pigment,
weakly K+ red; hypothecium hyaline to light brown; never with outer gray margin; thallus
areolate; spores 14-17 (18) X 7-10 um, isthmus (4) 5.5-8.5 um
.......................................................................................................
C. crenularia
21. Hypothecium dark brown; pycnidial ostioles dark; no algae in upper
margin; never with outer gray apothecial margin; spores 14-15.5 um long; Europe
....................................... C. festivella
21. Hypothecium hyaline to light brown
............................................................................... 22
22. Apothecia immersed from beginning, later sessile; spores small,
7-11 X 4-5.5 um, isthmus 1.5-3.5 um; thallus dark gray or tan; thallus cN & 10% N+
violet; Italy ............... C. cerinoides
22. Apothecia sessile from the beginning
.............................................................................. 23
23. Apothecia dark red brown; hymenium 84-98 um; spores 14-18 X 8.5-11
um, isthmus 3-4 um; thallus cN & 10% N+ violet; Europe
................................................................... C. percrocata
23. Apothecia orange; hymenium 49-70 um; spores 11-16 X 5.5-8 um
............................... 24
24. Thallus dark brown to blackish
..................................................................................... 25
24. Thallus medium gray
.....................................................................................................
26
25. Thallus dark, moderately thick; apothecial margins thick; spores
11-12.5 (14) X 5.5-7 um, isthmus 4-5.5 um; thallus cN & 10% N+ violet; W. N. Am.,
Europe .................. C. atroflava
25. Thallus dark brown to blackish; apothecial margins thin; margin same
color as disk; spores 10-12.5 X 4-5.5 um, isthmus 3-4 um; thallus cN & 10% N-; Eur.
................... C. scotoplaca
26. Thallus cN & 10% N+ violet; spores (11) 12-15.5 X 5.5-7 um,
isthmus 2-3 um,; E. N. Am., Europe
............................................................................................................
C. oxfordensis
26. Thallus cN & 10% N-
.................................................................................................
27
27. Isthmus 4-7 um; spores 10-12.5 X 5.5-7 um; Europe
........................ "festivella" Sbarbaro
27. Isthmus 2-4 um; spores 14-18 X 4-8.5 um; W coast N. Amer.
..................C. luteominia
28. Disks brown; thallus subsquamulose; spores 12.5-14 X 7 um, isthmus
7 um; thallus cN & 10% N-; Costa Rica
...........................................................................................
C. subsquamosa
28. Disks orange; thallus areolate; thallus cN & 10% N+ violet
.......................................... 29
29. Thallus white
...............................................................................................................
30
29. Thallus medium to dark gray
........................................................................................
31
30. Thallus not isidiate, margin not lobed; spores larger, 12.5-17 X
7-10 um, isthmus 3-4 um; Europe
.........................................................................................................
C. erythrocarpa
30. Thallus isidiate, margin slightly lobed; spores 12.5-18 X 7-10 um,
isthmus 3-4 um; Europe
..........................................................................................................................
C. teicholyta
31. Apothecia with both inner orange and outer gray margins
............................................ 32
31. Apothecia with only gray margins
............................................................................... 34
32. On acidic rocks; not parasitic; thallus areolate, with lobules;
disk dark or dirty orange; apothecial margin thin; spores 14-15.5 X 7-8.5 um, isthmus
4-5.5 um; Europe ...... C. xerica
32. On calcareous rocks; parasitic
................................................................................... 33
33. Thallus subsquamulose to areolate, with lobules; apothecial
margins raised; spores 14-17 X 8.5-10 um, isthmus 4-4.5 um; S. Europe
................................................................. C. furax
33. Thallus areolate, no lobules; apothecial margins flush; spores
11-12.5 X 5.5-7 um, isthmus 3.5-4 um; S. Europe
...........................................................................................
C. areolata
34. Thallus with lobules, isidia or blastidia, dark gray; spores 11-14
X 5.5-7 um, isthmus 3.5-5.5 um; N. Am., Europe
..........................................................................................
C. chlorina
34. Thallus without lobules, isidia and blastidia
................................................................... 35
35. Thallus squamulose at margins, dark gray; spores 11-14 X 5.5-7 um,
isthmus 3-4 um; SW N. Am., Europe, China
.........................................................................................
C. pellodella
35. Thallus areolate at margins
..........................................................................................
36
36. Apothecial without dark excipular ring between disk and margin;
thallus areolate with short marginal lobes; paraphyses often submoniliform with irregular
branching; spores 11-14 X 7-10 um, isthmus 4-7 um; Europe
......................................................................................... C.
aractina
36. Apothecia with dark excipular ring (cN+ violet)
........................................................... 37
37. Thallus tan, verrucose; spores 11-12.5 X 7-8.5 um, isthmus 3.5-4
um; S Europe ........... C. chlorina of S Europeans
37. Thallus light gray; spores 11-14 X 5.5-7 um, isthmus 3-4 um; N. Am.
............. C. sideritis