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[5.8e.1] A study by Children Now of the diversity of groups represented on the eight o’clock shows in 2001 when children are most likely to be viewing. |
[5.8e.2] Another study of representations of different groups on prime-time television in Fall 2002 found that the Latino population, now the second largest minority population in America, was represented only 3 percent of the time, even though they make up 13 percent of the population. |
[5.8e.3] Click here to read: TV networks "Family Hour" has least diverse prime time programming
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[5.8e.4] In the video clip from Race, The Floating Signifier, Stuart Hall critiques biological notions of race to argue that race is a social and cultural construct that is continually changing across and within different cultures.
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[5.8e.5] Central to the cultural construction of race is Gramsci’s theory of white hegemony by which media representations serve to maintain and perpetuate a discourse of whiteness as the desired norm, against which people of color are defined as “other”.
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Resources for cultural construction of race: |
[5.8e.5] Hype
[5.8e.6] Latinos and Media Project
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[5.8e.7] In the video Cultural Criticism and Transformation, bell hooks examines the powerful white/capitalistic institutional forces and motives behind representations of race as evident in the documentary Hoop Dreams, the OJ Simpson case, Madonna, Spike Lee, and Gangsta rap. |
[5.8e.8] This clip from the video Edward Said: On Orientalism examines how media representations of Mid-eastern and Muslim worlds reflect white, Western discourses positioning those worlds as an exotic, unfathomable “other.”
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[5.8e.9] Professor Margaret Russell in an analysis of a 1980s movie, Soul Man, about a upper-middle class white male who poses as a black applicant in order to obtain admission to Harvard Law School.
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[5.8e.10] Steven Gray, Unit: Recognizing Stereotypical Images of African Americans in Television and Movies
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[5.8e.11] Analysis of representations of Native Americans in Hollywood films reflect the ways in which Native Americans are portrayed in the Western genre as the deviant “other” who attempted to block the white’s western expansion and exploitation of natural resources in the American west. |
[5.8e.12] Lessons on studying contemporary Native American experiences that counter stereotypes about Native Americans
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[5.8e.13] Bret Enynon and Donna Thompson, American Social History Project: “Picturing a Nation: Native Americans and Visual Representation”
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[5.8e.14] A study by Children Now of Native American adolescents’ perceptions of the media.
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Representations of Asian men and women reflect negative perceptions of Asians not trustworthy or mysterious:
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[5.8e.15] Vanishing Son: The Appearance, Disappearance, and Assimilation of the Asian-American Man in America Mainstream Media
[5.8e.16] Lucy Liu
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Film bibliographies on underrepresented races: |
[5.8e.17] Bibliography: UC Berkeley Library: African Americans in films
[5.8e.18] Bibliography: UC Berkeley Library: Native Americans in films
[5.8e.19] Bibliography: UC Berkeley Library: Chicanos/Latinos in films
[5.8e.20] Bibliography: UC Berkeley Library: Jews in films
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For other related sites: |
[5.8e.21] Meghana V. Nayak, The industry of trauma: can films about tragedy politicize audiences? Colorlines Magazine: Race, Action, Culture, Summer, 2005
[5.8e.22] National University course: Representation and Diversity in the Media
[5.8e.23] University of Iowa Communications Studies site: representations of racial groups in the media
[5.8e.24] University of Oregon: Racial & Ethnic Media Representations
[5.8e.25] Lists of films organized according to racial representations
[5.8e.26] Analysis of representation of diversity in European media
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[5.8e.27] To recognize the degree to which mainstream news typically reflects a white, middle-class perspective, examine diversityinc.com in which the news and current events are presented from a more diverse perspective.
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[5.8e.28]
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[5.8e.29]
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| [5.8e.30] Mixed Mediawatch: Tracking Media Representations of Mixed People
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[5.8e.31] Media Education Founcation: Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies A People |
[5.8e.32] Kara Clayton’s media arts project, Thurston High School: Race is the Place: student videos |
Further reading involving racial and ethnic groups |
Gerster, C., & Zlogar, L. W. (Eds.). (2006). Teaching ethnic diversity with film: Essays and resources for educators in history, social studies, literature and film studies. Lanham, MD: McFarland & Company. |
King, C. R. (2005). Media images and representations: Contemporary Native American issues. New York: Chelsea House Publications. |
Mayer, V. (2003). Producing dreams, Consuming youth: Mexican Americans and mass media. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. |
Reynalds, J. (2006). Homeless culture and the media: How the media educate audiences in their portrayal of america's homeless culture. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press. |
Rome, D. (2004). Black demons: The media's depiction of the African American male criminal stereotype. New York: Praeger Publishers. |
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