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Chapter 4 |
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[4.3] Rhetorical / Audience Analysis |
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[4.3.1] One study conducted by Jeffrey Johnson of Columbia University and published in Science Magazine found that “teenagers who, at mean age 14, watched more than three hours a day of television were much more likely than those who watched less than one hour a day of television to commit subsequent acts of aggression against other people” |
[4.3.2] Uses and Gratification media research in England
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Research on video games and violence: |
[4.3.3] PBS: Teacher Source: Media Violence: lots of studies
[4.3.4] CyberCollege; TV and Film Violence
[4.3.5] Media Awareness Network: Research on the Effects of Media Violence
[4.3.6] Libertus.net: abstracts of studies on media violence
[4.3.7] Hazel Muir, The Age: research on video games and violence
[4.3.8] Iowa State University: Research on violent video games
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[4.3.9] American Psychological Association: Violence on Television - What do Children Learn? What Can Parents Do?
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[4.3.10] The Center for the Study of Effects of Television site includes a lot of this research on media effects. |
[4.3.11] Christakis, C., Zimmerman, D., DiGiuseppe, D., McCarty, C. (2004). Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics, 113(4).
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[4.3.12] Given research on the adverse effects of TV viewing on children, the American Academy of Pediatrics makes recommendations regarding children’s TV viewing.
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[4.3.13] A study by Amy Nathanson of Ohio State University found, can only lead adolescents to view programs at friends’ homes. She found that parents who discuss issues related to television with their older children – rather than just restrict viewing – are more likely to influence what their children watch.
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[4.3.14] David Gauntlett's essay “Ten Things Wrong with the ‘Effects Model.’” |
[4.3.15] For a discussion of the problems with research on media effects:
Barrett. R. T. J. (1997). Making Our Own Meanings: A Critical Review Of Media Effects Research In Relation To The Causation Of Aggression And Social Skills Difficulties In Children And Anorexia Nervosa In Young Women. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 4(3).
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[4.3.16] For definitions of certain key concepts such as “copycat effect,” “cultural dope,” “interperlation,” and “preferred reading,” related to positioning of media audiences |
[4.3.16a] Further definitions of key concepts
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[4.3.17] Philip Hanes, The Advantages and Limitations of a Focus on Audience in Media Studies.
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[4.3.18] A discussion of audiences’ uses of the media |
[4.3.19] Low-income adolescents’ media uses, Media, Culture and Meaning Research Project, University of Colorado's Center for Mass Media |
Media communities: |
[4.3.20] soap opera fan clubs
[4.3.21] television program fan clubs
[4.3.22] online book clubs
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[4.3.23] See Douglas Kellner’s chapter on moving from media culture to media spectacle. |
Because blogs about reality TV shows are an important part of the audience experience of those shows, it is often useful to study audience reactions as articulated on those blogs:
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[4.3.24] reality blurred/the reality tv weblog
[4.3.25] Fans of Reality TV
[4.3.26] Realityblogs
[4.3.27]
[4.3.28] Lit Dot Org
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Reality TV links: |
[4.3.29] Reality TV links
[4.3.30] Reality TV Planet
[4.3.31] Reality TV World
[4.3.32] SirLinksalot.net: Reality Television Show Links
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[4.3.33] To view the 53 minute PBS Frontline program, “Merchants of Cool”:
Click here
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[4.3.34] A discussion on the development of a consumer culture |
[4.3.35] A discussion on the roles of mass communication
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[4.3.36] Douglas Kellner: Critical media research articles.
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[4.3.37] Douglas Kellner: Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle
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[4.3.38] John Harms and Dougles Kellner: Towards a Critical Theory of Advertising
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[4.3.39] Click here for a discussion of the "politics of consumption."
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[4.3.40] Visual Rhetoric: lots of links on the University of Iowa Communications Department site
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[4.3.41] Visual Rhetoric Web
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[4.3.42] David Simpson, DePaul University, course on The New Arts of Persuasion: Contemporary Media, Communications, and Rhetoric |
[4.3.43] Michael Salvo, Purdue University, course on Visual Rhetoric: Argument, Persuasion, Narrative. |
[4.3.44] Wikibooks: Mediums and Manifestations of Visual Rhetoric/Film
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[4.3.45] Mediachannel.org: critiques of current news coverage
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[4.3.46] The Tapestry Project: Visual Rhetoric in the News: critical analysis of world-wide news coverage
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[4.3.47] Mary Hocks: Visual rhetoric bibliography
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For further reading on reality TV: |
Andrejevic, M. (2003). Reality TV: The work of being watched. New York: Rowman & Littlefield |
Borjesson, K. (Ed.) (2005). Feet to the fire: The media after 9/11, top journalists speak out. New York: Prometheus. |
Brenton, S., & Cohen, R. (2003). Shooting people: Adventures in reality TV. London: Verso Books. |
Calvert, C. (2000). Voyeur nation: Media, privacy, and peering in modern culture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. |
Friedman, J. (Ed.) (2002). Reality squared: Televisual discourse on the real. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. |
Holmes, S., & Jermyn, D. (Eds.). (2004). Understanding reality television. New York: Routledge. |
Schechter, D. (2006). When news lies. New York: Select Books.
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Smith, M., & Wood, A. (Eds.). (2003). Survivor lessons: Essays on communication and reality television. New York: MacFarland & Co. |
For further current reading on media audiences:
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Ang, I. (1995) Living room wars: Rethinking media audiences for a postmodern world. New York: Routledge.
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Bird, E. (2003). The audience in everyday life: Living in a media world. New York: Routledge.
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Brooker, W., & Jermyn, D. (Eds.). (2002). The audience studies reader. New York: Routledge.
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Coleman, R. (Ed.). (2002). Say it loud!: African-American audiences, media, and identity. New York: Routledge.
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Dickinson, R., Harindranath, R., & Linne, O., eds. (1998). Approaches to audiences: A reader. London: Arnold.
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Hay, J., Grossberg, L., & Wartella, E., eds. (1996). The audience and its landscape. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
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Hills, M. (2002). Fan cultures. New York: Routledge.
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MacKay, H., ed. (1997). Consumption and everyday life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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Seiter, E. (1999). Television and new media audiences. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Swan, K., Meskill, C., & DeMaio. (1998). Social learning from broadcast television. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
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Taylor, G. (2001). Artists in the audience: Cults, camp, and American film criticism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Stacey, J. (1993). Star gazing: Hollywood cinema and female
spectatorship. New York: Routledge.
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Wenner, L. (1998). MediaSport. New York: Routledge.
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Hay, J., Grossberg, L., & Wartella, E., eds. (1996). The audience and its landscape. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
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MacKay, H., ed. (1997). Consumption and everyday life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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Seiter, E. (1999). Television and new media audiences. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Swan, K., Meskill, C., & DeMaio. (1998). Social learning from broadcast television. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. |
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