(1) The German literature on Schinkel is extensive, but indispensible is the monumental Karl Friedrich Schinkel Lebenswerk, a multi-volume project undertaken during the 1930's under the direction of Paul Ortin Rave and still in progress. Schinkel's son-in'law, Alfred Freiherr von Wolzogen, published the architect's papers in Aus Schinkel's Nachlass: Reisetagebücher, Briefe and Aphorismen, 4 vols., Berlin, 1862-1864. The quotations from Schinkel that follow are taken from Wolzogen and from Hans Mackowsky, ed. Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Briefe Tagebücher, Gedanken, Berlin,1922. Among the twentieth-century studies, August Grisebach's Carl Friedrich Schinkel, Leipzig, 1924, remains in many ways the most useful. Hermann Pundt's Schinkel's Berlin: A Study in Environmental Planning, Cambridge (Massachusetts) 1972, is the only book-length study in English, but as the title indicates, concentrates on certain aspects. A fascinating illustration of the changing attitude towards Schinkel is the sequence of articles written by three generations of English historians: A.E. Richards, "Karl Friedrch Schinkel," Architectural Review, XXXI (1912), 61-79; Nikolaus Pevsner, "Schinkel," Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, 1952, pp. 89-96; and David Watkin, "Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Royal Patronage and the Picturesque," Architectural Design, XLIX (1979), 56-71. James Vann Allen's "Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Berlin as the City Beautiful," Classical America, Vol.4 (1977), 174-182, should not be overlooked.
(2) Friderich Wilhelm IV's malady was probably poryphyria, a derangement of the metabolism that drives its victims mad from prolonged suffering. Prevalent among descendents of Mary, Queen of Scots, this hereditary disease entered the House of Hohenzollern through Friedrich I's wife Sophie Charlotte of Hanover, sister of George I of England. It first manifested itself in Friedrich Wilhelm I, who did nothing to weaken the strain by marrying his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, sister of England's George II. George III's porphyria is notorious.
(3) The principal members of the faculty and the subjects they taught were: F.W. Becherer (1747-1823), architectural design; J.A.Eytelwein (1764-1848), mathematics, structure; Gentz, architectural practice, town planning; D.Gilly, rural architecture, general construction and bridges; F. Gilly, design, perspective, theatres; Hirt, history, aesthetics, theory of art and architecture; Langhans, mathematics and design.
(4) It was only in 1930 with the establishment of the Roman Catholic bishopric of Berlin that St. Hedwig's acquired the status of cathedral.
(5) The Gropius family has produced several notable figures including the architects Martin (1824-1880) and Walter (1883-1969).
(6) Landscape painting at the Berlin Academy was taught by Peter Lütke, a pupil of Philipp Hackert working in the classical landscape tradition of Claude (Lorrain).
(7) Schinkel's four children were: Marie, born 1810; Susanne, 1811; Karl Raphael, 1813; and Elisabeth, 1822.
(8) A discussion of Schinkel and the Gothic can be found in W. D. Robson-Scott, The Literary Background of the Gothic Revival in Germany, Oxford, 1965, pp.232-237. See also the two articles by Goerg Friedrich Koch, "Schinkels architektonische Entwürfe im gotischen Stil 1810-1815," Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 1969, pp. 262-316; and "Karl Friedrich Schinkel und die Architektur des Mittelalters, Die Studien auf der ersten Italienreise und ihre Auswirkungen," Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 1966, pp.177-222.
(9) The Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani, an extremely rich Genoese living in Rome in the early seventeenth century, avidly collected Antique sculpture and Venetian High Renaissance painting and was an especial admirer of his contemporaries Annibale Carraci and Caravaggio (astutely recognizing what they had in common). In 1815, 73 paintings were selected out of the Giustiniani collection for Berlin, including the rejected first version of Caravaggio's St. Matthew Writing the Gospel (destroyed during World War II). Less edifying, but a great favorite of Giustiniani, was the erotic Amor Vincitore which happily survives in the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. In 1821 the entire collection of 3,000 pictures belonging to Edward Solly, an English merchant resident in Berlin, was bought and 677 paintings selected for the museum. Mostly Italian, the collection included such treasures as Raphael's Solly Madonna. During the period of National Socialism, some of Solly's Italian pictures were traded for those of German masters and found their way into the Kress and Mellon collections (e.g., Fra Filippo Lippi's Madonna of the Niche and Duccio's triptych of The Nativity, both now in the National Gallery, Washington).
(10) Feilner's factory provided the terra-cotta ornamentation and architectural detail for the Friedrich-Werdersche Kirche, under construction at this time.
(11) This painting was pesented by the city of Berlin as a wedding gift to Princess Luise, youngest daughter of Queen Luise and Friedrich Wilhelm III, and went with her to The Hague. After passing through various hands it was presented by Prince Wied in 1931 to the newly organized Schinkel Museum in Berlin. It was a causalty of World War II.
(12) Robert Smirke's British Museum was begun in 1824, but not completed until 1847, with the domed reading room added by Smirke's younger brother Sidney in the mid fifties. A discussion of Schinkel's English journey can be found in Leopold Ettlinger, "A German Architect's Visit to England in 1826," Architectural Review, XCVII (1945), 131-134. Fuller is Gottfried Riemann's Karl Friedrich Schinkels Reise nach England im Jahr 1826 und ihre Wirkung auf sein architektonischen Werk, unpublished dissertation, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, 1967.
(13) Berlin/West, National-Galerie (on loan from the Verwaltung der Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten, Berlin).
(14) By the term "Kaufhaus" Schinkel did not mean department store in the modern sense of the word, but something more like the nineteenth-century "Arcade", "Passage", or 'Galleria": a covered shopping 'street' with space rented to separate merchants (who would have live in flats on the mezzanine floors above their shops).
(15) The argument that the Acropolis scheme could have been realized is advanced in Rand Carter, "Karl Friedirch Schinkel's Project for a Royal Palace on the Acropolis, "Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, xxxviii (1979), 34-46.
(16) Goerd Peschken, Karl Friedrich Schinkel Lebenswerk,xiv. Das Architektonisches Lehrbuch, Munich, 1979.
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