University of Minnesota Online Grammar
Handbook A Grammar Guide--21 Chapters of Links to Grammar, Punctuation, Writing, and |
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Short Table of Contents |
NEW!: Bibliography Makers Long Table of Contents / CollegeWriting.info (Textbook) |
| A. GETTING STARTED: 1. About This Site 2. Process & Focus 3. Thinking & Reading 4. Literature |
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B. UNITS OF ENGLISH: 5. Choosing Words 6. Making Sentences 7. Organizing Paragraphs |
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C. MECHANICS OF EDITING: 8. General Editing 9. Spelling 10. Punctuation 11. Grammar Guides |
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D. FINDING HELP: 12. Sample Papers 13. ESL 14. Tutors/Writing Centers 15. Textbooks 18. Reference Books |
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E. RESEARCH & BIBLIOGRAPHIES: 16. Research 17. Documenting & Citing (MLA, APA, etc.) 18. Online Resources |
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F. PROFESSIONAL
WRITING: |
You may always find this page by Googling "onlinegrammar."
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Long Table of
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Section A. GETTING STARTED Four Chapters: Steps, Focus, Thinking, and Reading |
Each chapter is a list of links:
Introduction: About This Web Site
Process and Focus: Focusing, Freewriting, Revising, and Peer Reviewing
Thinking and Reading: How Both Relate to Writing; Online Readings
Writing about Literature: Terms, Types of Papers, the Study of Literature, and Links to Literary Classics
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Section B. UNITS OF ENGLISH Three Chapters: Using Words, Sentences, and Paragraphs |
Each chapter is a list of links:
Choosing Words: Types of Words, Homonyms, Synonyms, Antonyms, Commonly Misused Words, etc.
Making Sentences: How to Define, Create, and Edit a Sentence
Organizing Paragraphs: How to Develop Paragraphs; How to Develop Thoughts in Paragraphs
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Section C. MECHANICS OF EDITING Four Chapters: Editing, Spelling, Punctuation, & Grammar |
Each chapter is a list of links:
General Editing Concerns: Proofreading and General Editing Guides
Spelling: Commonly Misspelled Words, Spelling Patterns, and Other Common Spelling Problems
Punctuation: How to Use Commas, Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, Colons, Semicolons, etc.
Grammar Guides: Full Online Guides and Books about Verbs, Nouns, Agreement, Number, etc.
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Section D. FINDING HELP Four Chapters: Samples, ESL/NNS, Tutors, and Textbooks |
Each chapter is a list of links:
Types of Paper Assignments and Sample Papers: Dozens of Types of Papers Explained
ESL/NNS Writing: Dozens of Online Resources for speakers of English as a Second Language
Online Tutoring: Online Locations Where Online Tutors May Be Available, Free or for a Fee
Online Writing Textbooks: Complete Writing and
Composition Textbooks on the Web
(For Web Reference books, see "18. Online
Research Resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Literary Texts, and Expository
Readings."
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Section E. |
Each chapter is a list of links:
Research, Writing, and Plagiarism: Steps of Research and Writing; What to Do and to Avoid
Citation and Documentation: MLA, APA, CHICAGO/TURABIAN, CBE, AP, et al.
Online Research Resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Newspapers, and Online Libraries
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Section F. PROFESSIONAL WRITING Three Chapters: Graphic Design, Professional Writing, and Applying for Work |
Each chapter is a list of links:
Graphics and Tables: Using Spaces and Graphic Elements (Pictures, Tables, etc.)
Other Fields of Professional Writing: Business and Technical Writing, Journalism, et al.
Applying for Jobs, College, or Graduate School: Resumes, Application and Cover Letters, Personal Statements, etc.
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Section A.--Four
Chapters (Click on the chapter
names or scroll down.) GETTING STARTED Steps, Focus, Thinking, and Reading
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| Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION About This Web Site |
WELCOME
Welcome to the Online Grammar Handbook, a useful online tool for writing, speaking, researching, and literary reading! The Online Grammar Handbook is similar to printed grammar books typically used for college, university, and professional writing in the United States. However, instead of having one or two authors, the Handbook actually has hundreds: it provides access to college, university, textbook, and public Web sites throughout the country that offer help with grammar, spelling, punctuation, and the process of writing and research. The Handbook also presents links to fully online writing books, sample papers by students, argumentative readings, and full-text literary classics.
SELECTION OF LINKS
Four guidelines are used in selecting these sites. First, the sites must be appropriate for college and university undergraduate and graduates and for college-educated professionals. Second, the sites should be as comprehensive as possible, even while offering specific advice. Third the sites should be easily usable. Fourth, the sites preferably should offer help at several levels, from beginning to advanced. New sites are added from time to time, and old sites are checked every two or three years to see if they still exist.
THE EDITOR
The editor, Richard Jewell, is a writing specialist with tenure in English at Inver Hills Community College in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul) metropolitan area. Before joining the Inver Hills faculty, he was a Composition Specialist for the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities and taught writing and other courses at public and private colleges and at St. Cloud State University. In addition, he has trained elementary, secondary, and college teachers in how to teach writing, most recently for MnSCU (the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities). He has taught writing for twenty-five years and is now lead advisor of the Inver Hills College Phi Theta Kappa International Honor Society. His articles and stories have been published over one hundred times in popular magazines, and he has had a dozen juried and non-juried essays accepted for academic publication. One of these, coauthored with Chris Anson, is the lead essay in Moving a Mountain, a co-winner of the 2003 NCTE (National Council of Teachers of English) "CCCC Outstanding Book Award." Richard also is the author of two full-text Web books, CollegeWriting.info and Experiencing the Humanities, and of the Web Site Sierra Leone Resources. In addition, Richard presents regularly at state, regional, and national academic conferences.
USE OF THE ONLINE GRAMMAR HANDBOOK
Using the Handbook is simple. You may go to the beginning of the Handbook--to the "Short Table of Contents"--and click on a chapter there; or you may go to the "Long Table of Contents," read the descriptions there of each section and chapter, and then click on your choice. Some links lead directly to lessons or readings; others, to lists of other quality sites. If you have any questions, please contact the author.
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Chapter 2. THE WRITING PROCESS Focusing, Freewriting, Revising, and Peer Reviewing |
General--"documents related to teaching critical thinking": Prince George's Community
College
General--Maryland Community College Consortium for Teaching Reasoning
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Anxiety: Purdue
"Generating Ideas"--links: Bedford Researcher
"Getting an 'A' on an English Paper": Rutgers
"Guides to Writing Processes": Colorado State
Miscellaneous online articles on starting: Iowa State
Miscellaneous other: lessons about writing--Capital; general writing lessons--St. Cloud State
Peer reviewing: Wisconsin
Peer Reviewing--"Running a Small Group": CollegeWriting.info
Procrastination: Princeton
Rhetorical modes (modes of exposition): The Sundance Reader
"Revising": CollegeWriting.info
Revising, links to descriptions of: Bedford Researcher
"Starting": CollegeWriting.info
Writer's block: Purdue
"The Writing Process": Thomson
The Writing Process: Writing in College: A Short Guide at U. Chicago
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Chapter 3. THINKING AND READING How Both Relate to Writing; Online Readings |
Methods of Critical Reading
"Avoiding Common Errors in Logic and Reasoning": Princeton
Common errors (fallacies) in logical thinking: Thomson
"Concentration": Cornell College
Close (thorough) reading: Harvard
Critical reading: Thomson
Critical Reading, a handbook: CriticalReading.com by Dan Kurland
Critical reading, the Toulmin Method, and reading the Web: Colorado State
Critical response: Harvard
Critiquing papers by peer review, a system: Harvard
Defining and describing argument: Harvard
"How to Read a College Text": CollegeWriting.info
Logic in argumentative writing: Purdue
"Marking a Textbook": Cornell College
"Reading a Textbook": Wadsworth
"Remembering": Cornell College
"Responding to Written Texts": Colorado State
Online Argumentative Readings (10-03)
http://www.about.com (Enter key words "opposing viewpoints.")
http://str.org/free/commentaries/abortion/index.htm (This site has articles on a wide variety of issues.)
http://www.lib.lsu.edu/ref/viewpoints.html (This site was designed exactly for students who are required to write response papers to opposing viewpoints articles. There is a large amount of information here.)
http://www.aclu.org (Use keyword search viewpoints" or just view the information on the home page.)
http://www.alligator.org/edit/issues/96-sumr/960523/d2ami23.htm
http://www.bhs.berkeley.kl2.ca.us/journalism/jacket/11 22/news/legaldrugs.html
http://www.bhs.berkeley.kl2.ca.us/journalism/jacket/l1 22/oped/noaddicts.html
http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/magazine/current/marker.html
http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed378665.html
"Technology and Society" online argumentative readings from Bedford/St. Martin's
(Note: The original version of this list, developed by Brenda Thoeny with a technology grant, may be found at http://composition.cla.umn.edu/students by clicking on (1) "Course Descriptions," (2) "EngC 1011," and then (3) "Professional Online Resources.")
Other Links to Readings (11-03)
Online Books Library--Over 20,000 full books online all use allowable
Andover Reader (high school and college developmental essays arranged by rhetorical modes)
Internet Public Library--9500 online texts, 2300 magazines, journals, world newspapers
Misc. readings: www.bibliomania.com, http://www.gutenberg.net, http://www.frostburg.edu/dept/engl/gartner/online.htm
PBS's "Great Speeches" (from past 80 years)
Some texts: http://english-www.hms.cmu.edu/rhetoric
First chapters of new books: the NY Times and the Washington Post
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Chapter 4. WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE Terms, Types of Papers, the Study of Literature, and Online Literature (4-03) |
General Guides:
Links to Literature: CollegeWriting.info, Bedford St. Martin's
Literary terms: CyberEnglish, Bedford St. Martin's
Studying literature: Mt. Mary
Writing about literature: CollegeWriting.info, Purdue, and The Sundance Reader
Tutorials on close reading of literature: Bedford St. Martin's
Quizzes about 500 literary works: Bedford St. Martin's
Over 20,000 full books online: Online Books Library
Specific Information:
Developing a literary thesis statement: Colorado State
Writing an analysis of elements, interpretive literary thesis, or literary review: CollegeWriting.info
Writing a review of literature: Wisconsin
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Section B.--Three Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.) UNITS OF ENGLISH Using Words, Sentences, and Paragraphs
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Chapter 5. CHOOSING WORDS Word Choices, Homonyms, Synonyms, Antonyms, and Common Misuses |
Alphabetized descriptions of categories: Rutgers
Common errors in English: WSU
Capitalization of words: NASA (See "Chapter 4.")
Use of words: Elements of Style by Strunk
"The Structure of Words": DuPage College
Spelling: "Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation," Purdue
Wordiness: Purdue
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Chapter 6. MAKING SENTENCES Definition, Development, and Editing of Sentences |
Alphabetized descriptions of categories: Rutgers
Capitalization of sentences (including quotations): NASA (See "Chapter 4.")
Clear Writing: Purdue
Coherence and Transitions: Purdue
Coordination and Subordination: DuPage College
Editing, links to descriptions of: Bedford Researcher
Elements of Style: Strunk
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization: McCaskill/NASA (See "Chapter 2.")
"Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation": Purdue
Variation and Transitions: Purdue
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Chapter 7. ORGANIZING PARAGRAPHS Development of Paragraphs and of Thoughts in Paragraphs |
Elements of Style by Strunk: Bartleby.com
General: Harvard
General: Purdue (1) and Purdue (2)
Introductory paragraphs: Harvard
Structures of Basic Paragraphs: CollegeWriting.info
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Section C.--Four Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.) MECHANICS OF EDITING Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
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Chapter 8. GENERAL EDITING CONCERNS General Editing Guides and Proofreading |
"Common Errors in English": "Washington State"
Editing for grammar: CollegeWriting.info
General Editing Guide: Iowa State
Proofreading: Purdue
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| Chapter 9. SPELLING Spelling Patterns; Commonly Misspellings and Other Spelling Problems |
"Common Errors in English": "Washington State"
Common Homonyms: Alan Cooper
"Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation": Purdue
50 Commonly Misspelled Words: http://www.sentex.net/~mmcadams/spelling.html.
100s of Commonly Misspelled Words: "Brian's Errors"
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Chapter 10. PUNCTUATION Use of Commas, Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, Colons, Semicolons, etc. |
Alphabetized definitions: NASA
Alphabetized descriptions (50-150 words each): Rutgers
Brief, general summary of some basics: CollegeWriting.info
Commas: Purdue
Exercises in grammar and punctuation: "The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation"
General: Elements of Style by Strunk
General "Punctuation Handout," New York University: http://www.nyu.edu/classes/copyXediting/Punctuation.html
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization by McCaskill: NASA (Go to Chapter 3.)
"Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation": Purdue
Quotations, capitalization of: NASA (Go to Chapter 4.)
Scholarship on punctuation: http://www.partnership.mmu.ac.uk/punctuation/punctuation.html
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Chapter 11. GRAMMAR GUIDES Excellent Online Guides about Verbs, Nouns, Agreement, Number, etc. (10-03) |
AP (journalism) only: Missouri and http://www.courses.psu.edu/Materials/COMM461_bx2/lsfj.html
British grammar guide: Edunet
DuPage College guide
Elements of Style: William Strunk, Jr.
Guide to Grammar & Style by Jack Lynch: Rutgers
Guide to Grammar & Writing: Capital
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization by McCaskill: NASA (Go to Chapter 1.)
Literacy Education Online: St. Cloud State
The Nuts and Bolts of College Writing: Michael Harvey
The Online English Grammar: Anthony Hughes
Online Writing Lab (OWL): Purdue
Punctuation Made Simple: Chuma
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Section D.--Four Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.) FINDING HELP Samples, Tutors, ESL/NNS, and Textbooks
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Chapter 12. SAMPLES OF PAPERS & METHODS OF WRITING THEM Dozens of Types of Papers Explained |
General:
Dozens of Samples of a Wide Variety of Paper Types: CollegeWriting.info
Specific Types of Papers:
Abstract: Princeton and Rensselaer
Annotated Bibliography: Wisconsin
Argument (see also "Essay Exam"): Boise State, Colorado State, ESL Planet, and Harvard
Analysis of a Text: Harvard
Analysis of Literature--analysis of a play: Harvard
Application Letter: See the chapter below, "Applying for Jobs, College, and Graduate School."
Book Review: Harvard
Comparison/Contrast: Harvard
Cover Letter: See the chapter below, "Applying for Jobs, College, and Graduate School."
Critical Response: Harvard
Critical Review: Wisconsin
Critique: Rensselaer
Definition: Purdue and Rensselaer
Description: Purdue
Electronic Mail: Colorado State
Essay, Basic (Pre-College): http://members.tripod.com/~lklivingston/essay/index.html
Essay Exam: Colorado State, Purdue, and The Sundance Reader
Executive Summary: Colorado
Lab Report: Wisconsin and Rensselaer. See also "Science Report."
Memo: Rensselaer
Personal Statement: See the chapter below, "Applying for Jobs, College, and Graduate School."
Presentation and speech: Colorado State and Rensselaer
Resume: See the chapter below, "Applying for Jobs, College, and Graduate School."
Science Report: Wisconsin. See also "Lab Report."
Sociology Research Paper: Millsaps
Summary, standard (see also "Executive Summary" above): Colorado State
Test: see "Essay Exam" above.
Thesis: Rensselaer
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| Chapter 13. ESL/NNS WRITING Resources for Nonnative Speakers of English as a Second Language |
Grammar Guide: Minnesota
Grammar Help and Exercises: Minnesota
Miscellaneous: "Dave's ESL Cafe," an "Internet Meeting Place for Students and Teachers"
Noncredit ESL Program Example: Minnesota English Center
Resources for Students and Instructors: Frostburg
Teaching Advice/Strategies: Minnesota
"Writing Strategies for Multilingual Students": Princeton
See also list of tutor resources and Writing Centers immediately below.
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Chapter 14. ONLINE GRAMMAR ASSISTANCE FROM A TUTOR & GENERAL WRITING CENTERS --Locations for Online Tutors, Free or for a Fee |
The following sites offer real help from real individuals, though each requires a turn-around time, usually of a few days. Many of these sites are primarily for students at their own schools.
Colorado State U (will take some non-CSU students if the tutors have time)
General lists of online writing centers (for students at specific schools): Purdue and Bedford/St. Martin's
EduNet's "Grammar Guru." (Go to the bottom of the Web page.) Anyone may ask a question about grammar and get an email reply.
Tutor.com (two versions--free or for a fee)
University of Minnesota Online Writing Center
Online writing centers listed by National Writing Centers Assoc.: http://nwca.syr.edu
Online writing centers listed among writing programs and centers by University of Idaho: http://www.its.uidaho.edu/comp/programhomes.html
Purdue University Online Writing Center: http://owl.english.purdue.edu
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| Chapter 15. ONLINE WRITING TEXTBOOKS Complete Writing and Composition Textbooks on the Web (See also Chapter 18.) |
CollegeWriting.Info by Richard Jewell
Online Guide to Writing and Research by the University of Maryland University College
Online Technical Writing by David A. McMurrey
Paradigm Online Writing Assistant by Chuck Guilford, Boise State
Writing in College: A Short Guide by Joseph Williams and Lawrence McEnerney, U. Chicago
For Grammar
Guides and handbooks online, see Chapter 15,
above.
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Section E.--Three Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
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Chapter 16. RESEARCH, WRITING, and PLAGIARISM Steps of Research and Writing; What to Do & to Avoid (11-06) |
Eight brief lessons on quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and making a bibliography: Minnesota
Evaluating Internet sources (UWisc-Eau Claire):
Evaluating Web sites: Minnesota
Field research links: Bedford Researcher
General help and sample research papers: Bedford Researcher
General processes: The Bedford Researcher
"Guides to Library, Internet, and Field Research": Colorado State
High School Biography Writing, Step by Step: Bellingham Public Schools
"An Introduction to the Culture of Scholarship"--Honesty, Work, and Plagiarism: Creighton University
"Library Research Guide": Minnesota
Legal Citation: Cornell U
Library sources: LibrarySpot
"Links for Specific Disciplines": Bedford Researcher
"Minute Modules" explain "What's a Journal?" and "How To Read Newspapers": Penn State
"Overview of the Research Process": ResearchNavigator (Pearson)
Quotations, choosing and incorporating: Wisconsin
Plagiarism, learning what it is and avoiding it: CollegeWriting.info
Plagiarism avoidance resource list: Bedford Researcher
The research process: "Research and the Research Paper," a series of essays by Thomson
The research process, steps of: Penn State
Search engines: Minnesota
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Chapter 17. CITATION AND DOCUMENTATION (Bibliographies, Footnotes, etc.) MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian, CBE, AP, et al. |
BIBLIOGRAPHY MAKERS (The Web page asks questions; you answer. It then writes the bibliography, and you copy it to your paper.):
Note: "MLA" is for English and Humanities.
"APA" is for Social Sciences and Nursing.
For other systems, see below.
Citation Machine (free): MLA, APA, Chicago
NoodleTools Express (free): MLA, APA
NoodleTools FAQs (free): MLA, APA
NoodleTools (subscription only): MLA, APA
EasyBib (free): MLA
EasyBib Pro (subscription only): APA and MLA
REFERENCES--MLA (English and Humanities) and APA (Social Sciences and Nursing):
REFERENCES--ELECTRONIC and OTHER STYLES:
Electronic Citations: Purdue ( MLA and APA) and Harnack and Kleppinger's online!, a reference guide to using internet sources (MLA, APA, Chicago, and CBE)
Chicago/Turabian (History): Colorado State and Wisconsin
CBE (Science): Colorado State and Wisconsin
ASA (Sociology): Purdue
Legal Citation: Cornell U
Advanced: Iowa
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Chapter 18. Online Research Resources Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Newspapers, & Online Libraries |
References (Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, etc.)
A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices by Robert A. Harris
Newbury House Dictionary from Thomson Publishing
Online Subject Dictionaries (e.g., a dictionary of the social sciences or a dictionary of psychology)
www.refdesk.com (a collection of links to current news stories and a wide variety of online reference books)
www.dictionary.com (dictionary, Roget's Thesaurus, and foreign language dictionaries)
www.yourdictionary.com (long list of many kinds of subjects; dictionaries--e.g., "Religion" and "Medical"--and surfing access to them)
www.s9.com/biography (biographies of 28,000 famous people)
http://www.freeglossary.com (over 400,000 word entries in ten languages)
Online Libraries
www.ipl.org (9500 online books and over 2300 journals)
www.elibrary.com (a Web online-library search engine)
www.libraryspot.com: (hundreds of libraries and references)
Newspapers
www.newspapers.com (links to national and world newspapers and to some magazines/journals)
http://www.newspaperindex.com/ (links to online newspapers in any country, listed by country)
http://www.onlinenewspapers.com/ (search for any newspaper by country, state, or name)
Other Online Research
Translation, English to French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian
Rhetoric: an online "guide to the terms of classical and renaissance rhetoric"
Word lovers' delight: www.logophilia.com
Directory of 3000+ North American college and university Web sites
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Section
F.--Four Chapters (Click on the
chapter names or scroll down.)
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| Chapter 19. GRAPHICS and TABLES Using Spaces and Graphic Elements (Pictures, Tables, etc.) |
"Guides about Graphics and Tables": Colorado State
"Using Graphics": CollegeWriting.info
Web Design: Bedford Researcher, Web Style Guide, and Sun Systems
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Chapter 20. OTHER FIELDS OF PROFESSIONAL WRITING Business and Technical Writing, Engineering, Journalism, Science, et al. |
Application (Job) Materials: see the chapter below, "Applying to Jobs, College, and Graduate Schools."
Desktop Publishing: Colorado State
Engineering, Civil Engineering: Colorado State
Journalism: Frostburg
Legal Writing: Write Better English
Research writing, "Links for Specific Disciplines": Bedford/St. Martin's
Sciences: Colorado State
Technical Writing: Frostburg
"Writing in Many Fields": CollegeWriting.info
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Chapter 21. APPLYING FOR JOBS, COLLEGE, OR GRADUATE SCHOOL Resumes, Application and Cover Letters, Personal Statements, etc. |
The following sites provide written guidelines to help you develop your resume, write a cover letter, create a personal statement for graduate school, and the like.
Admission to college (undergraduate): http://www.personalessay.com/advice.html
"Applying for Work": CollegeWriting.info
Cover letter: Rensselaer Institute
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