University of Minnesota

Online Grammar Handbook
( www.onlinegrammar.org)

A Grammar Guide--21 Chapters of Links to Grammar, Punctuation, Writing, and
Research
Help, and to Full-text Literature, Arguments, and 100+ Sample Student Papers.


   

                                      

Short Table of Contents

NEW!: Bibliography Makers                      Long Table of Contents  /  CollegeWriting.info (Textbook)

                             

A. GETTING STARTED
    
1. About This Site     2. Process & Focus     3. Thinking & Reading     4. Literature  
B. UNITS OF ENGLISH
    
5. Choosing Words            6. Making Sentences            7. Organizing Paragraphs        
C. MECHANICS OF EDITING:  
     8. General Editing         9. Spelling        10. Punctuation        11. Grammar Guides  
D. FINDING HELP
   
12. Sample Papers  13. ESL  14. Tutors/Writing Centers  15. Textbooks  18. Reference Books
E. RESEARCH & BIBLIOGRAPHIES
   
16. Research      17. Documenting & Citing (MLA, APA, etc.)      18. Online Resources

F. PROFESSIONAL WRITING
   
19. Professional Papers          20. Visual Design          21. Job/School Applications

      

You may always find this page by Googling "onlinegrammar."

Visits as of June 2006:
Free Web Counter
Free Web Counter

                              

__

__ 

           

     

                                   

Long Table of Contents
21 Chapters with Descriptions of Each (divided into six major sections, A.-F.)
 

     

Section A. 
GETTING STARTED
Four Chapters: Steps, Focus, Thinking, and Reading
   

Each chapter is a list of links:

  1. Introduction: About This Web Site

  2. Process and Focus: Focusing, Freewriting, Revising, and Peer Reviewing

  3. Thinking and Reading: How Both Relate to Writing; Online Readings

  4. Writing about Literature: Terms, Types of Papers, the Study of Literature, and Links to Literary Classics

Section B. 
UNITS OF ENGLISH
Three Chapters: Using Words, Sentences, and Paragraphs
    

Each chapter is a list of links:

  1. Choosing Words: Types of Words, Homonyms, Synonyms, Antonyms, Commonly Misused Words, etc.

  2. Making Sentences: How to Define, Create, and Edit a Sentence

  3. Organizing Paragraphs: How to Develop Paragraphs; How to Develop Thoughts in Paragraphs

Section C. 
MECHANICS OF EDITING
Four Chapters: Editing, Spelling, Punctuation, & Grammar

Each chapter is a list of links:

  1. General Editing Concerns: Proofreading and General Editing Guides

  2. Spelling: Commonly Misspelled Words, Spelling Patterns, and Other Common Spelling Problems

  3. Punctuation: How to Use Commas, Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, Colons, Semicolons, etc.

  4. Grammar Guides: Full Online Guides and Books about Verbs, Nouns, Agreement, Number, etc.

Section D. 
FINDING HELP
Four Chapters: Samples, ESL/NNS, Tutors, and Textbooks
   

Each chapter is a list of links:

  1. Types of Paper Assignments and Sample Papers: Dozens of Types of Papers Explained

  2. ESL/NNS Writing: Dozens of Online Resources for speakers of English as a Second Language

  3. Online Tutoring: Online Locations Where Online Tutors May Be Available, Free or for a Fee

  4. Online Writing Textbooks: Complete Writing and Composition Textbooks on the Web
       
    (For Web Reference books, see "18. Online Research Resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Literary Texts, and Expository Readings."

Section E. 
RESEARCH and BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Three Chapters: Researching; MLA, APA, CBE, AP, and Other Styles; and Research Resources
   

Each chapter is a list of links:

  1. Research, Writing, and Plagiarism: Steps of Research and Writing; What to Do and to Avoid

  2. Citation and Documentation: MLA, APA, CHICAGO/TURABIAN, CBE, AP, et al. 

  3. Online Research Resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Newspapers, and Online Libraries

Section F.
PROFESSIONAL WRITING
Three Chapters: Graphic Design, Professional Writing, and Applying for Work
   

Each chapter is a list of links:

  1. Graphics and Tables: Using Spaces and Graphic Elements (Pictures, Tables, etc.)

  2. Other Fields of Professional Writing: Business and Technical Writing, Journalism, et al.

  3. Applying for Jobs, College, or Graduate School: Resumes, Application and Cover Letters, Personal Statements, etc.

Return to top.

                                   

--------------------

                                                     

      Section A.--Four Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
GETTING STARTED
Steps, Focus, Thinking, and Reading
   
  1. Introduction: About This Web Site 

  2. Process and Focus: Focusing, Freewriting, Revising, and Peer Reviewing

  3. Thinking and Reading: How Both Relate to Writing; Online Readings

  4. Writing about Literature: Terms, Types of Papers, the Study of Literature, and Links to Literary Classics

              

Chapter 1.
INTRODUCTION   
About This Web Site
   

WELCOME

        Welcome to the Online Grammar Handbook, a useful online tool for writing, speaking, researching, and literary reading!  The Online Grammar Handbook is similar to printed grammar books typically used for college, university, and professional writing in the United States.  However, instead of having one or two authors, the Handbook actually has hundreds: it provides access to college, university, textbook, and public Web sites throughout the country that offer help with grammar, spelling, punctuation, and the process of writing and research.  The Handbook also presents links to fully online writing books, sample papers by students, argumentative readings, and full-text literary classics.  

SELECTION OF LINKS 

        Four guidelines are used in selecting these sites.  First, the sites must be appropriate for college and university undergraduate and graduates and for college-educated professionals.  Second, the sites should be as comprehensive as possible, even while offering specific advice.  Third the sites should be easily usable.  Fourth, the sites preferably should offer help at several levels, from beginning to advanced.  New sites are added from time to time, and old sites are checked every two or three years to see if they still exist.

THE EDITOR

        The editor, Richard Jewell, is a writing specialist with tenure in English at Inver Hills Community College in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul) metropolitan area.  Before joining the Inver Hills faculty, he was a Composition Specialist for the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities and taught writing and other courses at public and private colleges and at St. Cloud State University.  In addition, he has trained elementary, secondary, and college teachers in how to teach writing, most recently for MnSCU (the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities).  He has taught writing for twenty-five years and is now lead advisor of the Inver Hills College Phi Theta Kappa International Honor Society.  His articles and stories have been published over one hundred times in popular magazines, and he has had a dozen juried and non-juried essays accepted for academic publication.  One of these, coauthored with Chris Anson, is the lead essay in Moving a Mountain, a co-winner of the 2003 NCTE (National Council of Teachers of English) "CCCC Outstanding Book Award."  Richard also is the author of two full-text Web books, CollegeWriting.info and Experiencing the Humanities, and of the Web Site Sierra Leone Resources.  In addition, Richard presents regularly at state, regional, and national academic conferences.

USE OF THE ONLINE GRAMMAR HANDBOOK

        Using the Handbook is simple.  You may go to the beginning of the Handbook--to the "Short Table of Contents"--and click on a chapter there; or you may go to the "Long Table of Contents," read the descriptions there of each section and chapter, and then click on your choice.  Some links lead directly to lessons or readings; others, to lists of other quality sites.  If you have any questions, please contact the author.

Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 2. 
THE WRITING PROCESS 
  
Focusing, Freewriting, Revising, and Peer Reviewing
   

     
General--"documents related to teaching critical thinking": Prince George's Community College 

General--Maryland Community College Consortium for Teaching Reasoning  

----------

Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 3.
THINKING AND READING  
How Both Relate to Writing; Online Readings
   

Methods of Critical Reading

Online Argumentative Readings (10-03)  

Other Links to Readings (11-03)

Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 4.
WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
   
Terms, Types of Papers, the Study of Literature, and Online Literature (4-03)

     
General Guides:

Specific Information:

Return to top.

     

                                 

     Section B.--Three Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
UNITS OF ENGLISH
Using Words, Sentences, and Paragraphs
    
  1. Choosing Words: Word Choices, Homonyms, Synonyms, Antonyms, Common Misuses, etc.

  2. Making Sentences: Definition, Development, and Editing of Sentences

  3. Organizing Paragraphs: Development of Paragraphs and of Thoughts in Paragraphs

                   

Chapter 5.
CHOOSING WORDS    
Word Choices, Homonyms, Synonyms, Antonyms, and Common Misuses
   
Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 6.
MAKING SENTENCES
     
Definition, Development, and Editing of Sentences  
Return to top.

                                                                           

Chapter 7.
ORGANIZING PARAGRAPHS
   
Development of Paragraphs and of Thoughts in Paragraphs
Return to top.

   

                                      

     Section C.--Four Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
MECHANICS OF EDITING
Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
 
  1. General Editing Concerns: Proofreading and General Editing Guides

  2. Spelling: Commonly Misspelled Words, Spelling Patterns, and Other Common Spelling Problems

  3. Punctuation: How to Use Commas, Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, Colons, Semicolons, etc.

  4. Grammar Guides: Full Online Guides and Books about Verbs, Nouns, Agreement, Number, etc.

                                         

Chapter 8.
GENERAL EDITING CONCERNS
   
General Editing Guides and Proofreading
Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 9.
SPELLING
  
Spelling Patterns; Commonly Misspellings and Other Spelling Problems
Return to top.

                                       

 . ?  !  ,
 
: ; ' "
 -- 
- ( )
Chapter 10.
PUNCTUATION
   
Use of Commas, Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, Colons, Semicolons, etc.
Return to top.

                                       

Chapter 11.
GRAMMAR GUIDES
    
Excellent Online Guides  about Verbs, Nouns, Agreement, Number, etc. (10-03)
Return to top.

                                   

                       

     Section D.--Four Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
FINDING HELP
Samples, Tutors, ESL/NNS, and Textbooks
   
  1. Types of Paper Assignments and Sample Papers: Dozens of Types of Papers Explained

  2. ESL/NNS Writing: Dozens of Online Resources for speakers of English as a Second Language

  3. Online Tutoring: Online Locations Where Online Tutors May Be Available, Free or for a Fee

  4. Online Writing Textbooks: Complete Writing and Composition Textbooks on the Web
      
    Web Reference books: see "18. Online Research Resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Literary Texts, and Expository Readings."

                                              

Chapter 12.
SAMPLES OF PAPERS &
METHODS OF WRITING THEM
      
Dozens of Types of Papers Explained

   

General: 
     
Dozens of Samples of a Wide Variety of Paper Types: CollegeWriting.info

    

Specific Types of Papers:

Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 13.
ESL/NNS WRITING
      
Resources for Nonnative Speakers of English as a Second Language
Return to top.

                                      

Chapter 14.
ONLINE GRAMMAR ASSISTANCE FROM A TUTOR
& GENERAL WRITING CENTERS
   
--
Locations for Online Tutors, Free or for a Fee

        The following sites offer real help from real individuals, though each requires a turn-around time, usually of a few days.  Many of these sites are primarily for students at their own schools.  

Return to top.

                                         

Chapter 15.
 ONLINE WRITING TEXTBOOKS
  
Complete Writing and Composition Textbooks on the Web
(See also Chapter 18.)

For Grammar Guides and handbooks online, see Chapter 15, above.
                       

Return to top.

                                   

                               

    

Section E.--Three Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
RESEARCH and BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Researching, MLA, APA, CBE, AP, and Other Styles and Resources
   

  1. Research, Writing, and Plagiarism: Steps of Research and Writing; What to Do and to Avoid

  2. Citation and Documentation (Bibliographies, Footnotes, etc.): MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian, CBE, AP, et al. 

  3. Online Research Resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Literary Texts, and Expository Readings

                                  

Chapter 16.
RESEARCH, WRITING, and PLAGIARISM
    
Steps of Research and Writing; What to Do & to Avoid (11-06)
Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 17.
CITATION AND DOCUMENTATION (Bibliographies, Footnotes, etc.)
    
MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian, CBE, AP, et al. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY MAKERS (The Web page asks questions; you answer.  It then writes the bibliography, and you copy it to your paper.):

Note: "MLA" is for English and Humanities.
"APA" is for Social Sciences and Nursing.
For other systems, see below.

REFERENCES--MLA (English and Humanities) and APA (Social Sciences and Nursing):

REFERENCES--ELECTRONIC and OTHER STYLES:

Return to top.

                                                              

Chapter 18.
Online Research Resources
    
Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Newspapers, & Online Libraries

References (Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, etc.)

Online Libraries

Newspapers

Other Online Research

Return to top.

                                   

             

    

Section F.--Four Chapters (Click on the chapter names or scroll down.)
PROFESSIONAL WRITING
Papers, Graphic Design,
and Applying for Work
   

  1. Graphics and Tables: Using Spaces and Graphic Elements (Pictures, Tables, etc.)

  2. Other Fields of Professional Writing: Business and Technical Writing, Journalism, et al.

  3. Applying for Jobs, College, or Graduate School: Resumes, Application and Cover Letters, Personal Statements, etc.

                                   

Chapter 19.
GRAPHICS and TABLES
     
Using Spaces and Graphic Elements (Pictures, Tables, etc.)
Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 20.
OTHER FIELDS OF PROFESSIONAL WRITING   
Business and Technical Writing, Engineering, Journalism, Science, et al.
 
Return to top.

                                   

Chapter 21.
APPLYING FOR JOBS, COLLEGE, OR GRADUATE SCHOOL
     
Resumes, Application and Cover Letters, Personal Statements, etc.

The following sites provide written guidelines to help you develop your resume, write a cover letter, create a personal statement for graduate school, and the like.