Several good articles and sites describing the housing crisis in Silicon Valley:


Posted at 8:47 p.m. PST

Habitat for Humanity homes in the valley redefine who is `needy'
BY JOHN BOUDREAU
Mercury News Staff Writer
The San jose Mercury News,Thursday, March 23, 2000

The split-level house is so new you can still
smell the paint. It has four bedrooms, two
bathrooms and views of the Santa Cruz mountains.

The house on Grant Street in Campbell and an
identical one next door sold before the
first nails were struck. Sale price for each:
$110,000. Seriously.

It is a small act of kindness in this mean
Bay Area housing market, where such homes
can easily go for at least a half million
dollars -- in cash, no less.
``I keep pinching myself,'' says Teresa
Jackson, a 30-year-old accountant who on
Saturday will move into one of the homes,
constructed by volunteers with Silicon Valley
Habitat for Humanity. ``At first, my friends
were excited for me. Now, they're all, `I
hate you! I hate you!' ''

Her future neighbor, Manuel Viveros, is an
assistant manager at Safeway. Both are
solidly in the working class. Both are single
parents. And like thousands of others
similarly situated, both were locked out of
the overheated Silicon Valley housing market
and vulnerable to ever-rising rents.

That they have good jobs and still need the
near-miraculous intervention of Habitat for
Humanity is testimony to the difficulty of
purchasing a roof over one's head in Silicon
Valley.

According to the California Association of
Realtors, only 24 percent of Santa Clara
County households could afford a
median-priced single-family home in January, when
the figure stood at $439,570.

In February the median price jumped to $489,000.

Habitat for Humanity, an international
Christian organization founded in 1976, is in the
minds of many closely associated with former
President Carter, its most famous
volunteer. The organization, which has built
more than 70,000 homes around the world,
is also widely perceived as being the home
builder of last resort for America's rural
poor. The majority of Habitat homeowners in
the United States are unskilled workers or
service-industry workers, says Michael Crook,
a spokesman for Habitat for Humanity
International in Americus, Georgia.

It's a different story in the Bay Area. Here,
local staffers find themselves turning away
scores of people because they make too much
money. It is not unusual to hear of folks
who pull in $90,000 a year -- and sometimes
more -- designating themselves as
desperately seeking shelter.

Getting calls every day

Every day, the staff at Habitat for Humanity
offices in San Jose and Redwood City get
calls from those looking for a place to call
home. To qualify for help, families must have
incomes that are 30 percent to 50 percent of
the median household income for the area.
That, according to the group's calculations,
translates to $87,000 a year for a family of
four in Santa Clara County, the highest among
metropolitan areas in the nation, and
$74,900 annually for the same-sized family in
Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo
counties.

``They are in pain,'' says Mark Moulton,
executive director of Peninsula Habitat for
Humanity, the affiliate serving San Mateo
County. ``People are feeling the squeeze
horrendously. We have hundreds of people more
than we can serve.''

Today's caller is apt to be better educated
than those in the past, observes Bill Arnopp,
who heads the Silicon Valley Habitat for
Humanity affiliate. ``We get calls from young
people who are teachers. They cannot find a
place to rent, let alone buy.''

Habitat for Humanity faces the same daunting
challenge Bay Area home hunters face
every day. The organization, which can
instantly muster a small army of volunteers to
build homes, can't afford to buy a small plot
of land. Soaring land values give potential
donors pause.

``The prices are escalating rapidly due to
high demand and no inventory,'' says Georgie
Huff, president of Capital Properties in
downtown San Jose. As of March 17, there
were only 53 single-family homes in the city
of San Jose offered at $330,000 or less.

``It's very emotional. It's very
distressing,'' Huff says. ``They have good jobs. They
have good income. They have good credit --
all the things you need to purchase
property. But in this market, that's not
enough.''

Hordes of potential South Bay buyers trudge
through open houses for hyper-priced
two-bedroom bungalows every weekend. Viveros
and Jackson, both of whom were
turned away by mortgage brokers, knew better
than to bother with that gantlet of grief.

'`I went to a mortgage company and they
laughed at me,'' says Jackson, a mother of
three daughters. At one point, she went into
debt to send her children to a private school
in Campbell, where she works. Jackson wants
to be within a short driving distance of
her girls at all times.

For a decade, Viveros planned to buy a home.
Meanwhile, the 42-year-old watched his
rent jump 20 percent or more every year. Now,
Viveros, who has five daughters, pays
monthly rent of $1,200 for a two-bedroom
Campbell apartment.

``We were desperate,'' says the supermarket
supervisor, who wants to leave his children
more than a box full of rent receipts.

``My dad has worked very, very hard to
support us and pay rent and supply food and
clothing,'' says 19-year-old Michelle
Viveros. She tears up when talking about her new
home. ``I've been wanting my own room
forever. I've never had my own room.''

Last summer, both families were chosen from
about 60 applicants. The land, across the
street from Campbell's police headquarters,
was left over from the city's civic center
development of the late 1960s and early '70s.
Campbell's redevelopment agency bought
both lots for $275,000 and donated them to
Habitat for Humanity. Ground-breaking
occurred in July, with construction going
full-tilt in September. Hundreds of volunteers
helped put up the homes, built with
high-quality material provided by local companies.

Price is high

The $110,000 selling price, which comes with
a zero-interest loan, is high by Habitat
standards: The average cost of its homes in
the United States is $41,500. (For
comparison, three other four-bedroom houses
currently on the market in Campbell carry
asking prices of $449,000 or more.) Viveros
and Jackson have agreed not to sell their
homes for profit for 30 years.

They will be presented keys during a Saturday
morning ceremony. Called a ``house
blessing,'' the dedication is part revival,
part housewarming. Each family will also
receive a Bible.

 The 1,400-square-foot Habitat houses rose up
on a street lined with magnolia trees. The
Victorian-modern homes blend nicely with the
neighborhood mix of apartments, condos
and older Victorians. They are just across
the street from the town's historic Ainsley
House and a short walk from the library and
downtown.

As part of the program, the new homeowners
joined with volunteers in the construction.
They know about the sweat it takes to frame a
house, how pipe joints come together and
what's between the walls.

``It's awesome,'' Jackson says. ``It did my
heart a lot of good.''

Contact John Boudreau at boudreau@sjmercury.com or (408) 278-3496.
 

Housing prices surge. Median: Santa Clara County price rises 45% from April '99 to $577,820.

BY SUE MCALLISTER
The San Jose Mercury News, Friday, May 26, 2000

After crossing the half-million dollar mark
in March, the median price of a single-family
home in Santa Clara County hit a jaw-dropping
$577,820 in April, a real estate trade
group reported Thursday.

That figure is 7 percent more than the March
2000 median, and 45.2 percent more than
last year's median of $397,850, according to
data released by the California Association
of Realtors.

``I don't know what to say. It's clearly a
lot of high-end properties,'' that have
contributed to the jump in local prices, said
Leslie Appleton-Young, the association's
chief economist.

The median price marks the midpoint, meaning
half the homes sold for more and half
sold for less than the median figure.

And while the total Bay Area's median price
climbed 30 percent in April compared to a
year ago, the number of homes sold slipped 17
percent from April 1999. The association
measures home sales on an annualized basis
and does not release the monthly number of
homes sold in individual counties. The Bay
Area comprises the counties of Santa Clara,
San Mateo, San Francisco, Alameda, Contra
Costa, Marin and Solano in the
association's report.

The data measures escrows that closed in
April, meaning that many of the homes
counted were sold and went into contract in
March and early April.

Real estate experts say the slide in the
tech-heavy Nasdaq is one of numerous factors that
contributed to a decrease in home sales
year-over-year. The recent bout of volatility in
the stock market began in mid-March, when the
Nasdaq index rose above 5,000, then
fell 7 percent in less than a week. The index
has since fallen 37 percent from its peak.

In recent months, many Silicon Valley realty
agents have said that more homebuyers
have been deterred from purchasing homes by
their worries about the stock market than
by rising mortgage interest rates. Two weeks
ago, the average rate for 30-year fixed-rate
mortgage went above 8.5 percent for the first
time in five years, according to secondary
mortgage market giant Freddie Mac.

Even adjustable rate mortgages, known as
ARMs, have risen quickly as the Federal
Reserve policymakers have been increasing
short-term interest rates, narrowing the gap
between ARMs and 30-year fixed rate loans.
Mortgage finance firm Freddie Mac,
reported Thursday that the average rate for a
one-year adjustable-rate mortgage shot up to
7.25 percent this week, the highest level in
nine years and up from 7.15 percent a week
earlier.

Appleton-Young attributed the marked decrease
in sales activity statewide to a variety of
factors, among them a relatively limited
number of homes for sale, stock market woes,
and steadily rising interest rates.

``All of those things together are pushing
kind of a transition in the marketplace,'' she
said. Another reason last month's sales
activity looks a bit anemic, she said, is that April
1999 ``was a very, very strong month.''

The association's forecast for 2000 predicted
sales would slow by 8 percent from 1999,
when a record 538,000 homes changed hands
statewide.

Realtor Richard Calhoun, a board member of
REInfolink, the local Multiple Listing
Service, also said he believes the red-hot
Silicon Valley real estate market has cooled
slightly. Since the end of March, the
county's inventory of for-sale single-family homes
has risen from just under 900 to more than
1,700, he said, but homes are selling more
slowly than in the first quarter of the year.

It's hard to pinpoint exactly why homes are
staying on the market longer, Calhoun said,
but anecdotal evidence suggests buyers are
feeling more finicky.

``The desirable homes in desirable locations
are still going to get multiple offers,'' he
said. However, ``buyers will no longer do
anything the seller tells them to do to get the
house.''

Statewide, the median price of a
single-family home rose 11.6 percent compared to April
last year, to $241,600. Sales activity dipped
7.5 percent, to an annualized rate 493,110
homes. The seasonally adjusted annualized
rate measures how many homes would sell
in California if the April pace were
maintained all year.

For the state as a whole, Appleton-Young
said, ``I think we'll continue to see very, very
strong price appreciation over the next
quarter. . .the demand-supply imbalance coming
to a head, if you will.''

The National Association of Realtors also
released April figures Thursday, which
showed sales activity slowing 6.9 percent
nationally over last year. The national median
price for a single-family home in April was
$136,700, up 4.6 from the same month a
year ago.
 

Housing warning tempers boom in East Bay jobs

BY DENNIS AKIZUKI
The San Jose Mercury News 
With cheaper land for homes and offices, the
East Bay is leaping ahead as Silicon
Valley's new boom region, according to an
economic study released Friday.

But the second annual report by the Economic
Development Alliance for Business warns
that chronic housing shortages in Alameda and
Contra Costa counties could undermine
the projected economic expansion.

Last year, the number of new jobs outstripped
new home construction by a 5-1 ratio, it
said.

East Bay Indicators 2000 -- written by former
PG&E chief economist Tapan Munroe --
concludes that Alameda and Contra Costa
counties have a ``strong and resilient
economy'' that is feeding off the growth of
high-tech firms and emerging industries. The
East Bay possesses 31 percent of the Bay
Area's developable land, and the study
predicts the two-county sub-region could
account for 43 percent of the potential new
housing.

``We're creating more jobs than (Santa Clara
County is) right now, we have a larger
workforce, more land and more housing,'' said
Keith Sutton, the alliance's business
development director. ``(The East Bay) is the
major growth area of Silicon Valley and
has been for a number of years and expect it
to continue to be so.''

The Economic Development Alliance is no
disinterested bystander. It is a public-private
partnership that focuses on encouraging
corporate investment in the East Bay. Members
of its board include city council members,
developers, school administrators and
transportation officials.

Seeking a good balance

The region has wrestled for the past several
years with how to balance growth and a
desire to maintain a healthy environment. For
example, construction is expected to begin
this summer on Pacific Commons, an 822-acre
business park south of Auto Mall
Parkway in Fremont's southern industrial
area. It is expected to one day draw more than
20,000 workers.

Carl Guardino, president and CEO of the
Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group, agrees
that Alameda and Contra Costa counties will
serve as a major Silicon Valley growth area.

``The East Bay will be a destination, not
only for the bedrooms of Silicon Valley, but the
boardrooms as well,'' Guardino said.

But he added that, in the information age,
any area with a strong labor pool, excellent
educational institutions and a good business
climate is capable of becoming a major
Silicon Valley growth area.

The report includes a caveat to an otherwise
rosy outlook for the East Bay.

``There is a cloud on the horizon and that
cloud is the shortage of housing and the linked
problem that has with transportation
congestion,'' Sutton said.

Like the rest of the Bay Area, the housing
crunch in the East Bay has been squeezing
residents at all levels. The number of new
housing units declined 21 percent between
1997 and 1999. The lack of housing supply has
contributed to a 44 percent increase in
Alameda County apartment rents and a 36
percent rise in Contra Costa County from
1993 to 1999.

Driving farther for homes

``The lack of affordable housing and housing,
period, is going to be the critical issue,''
said Catherine Merschel, executive director
of Eden Housing Inc., a non-profit firm that
has developed 4,000 affordable housing units
in the Bay Area.

``I think employers are going to be pushed to
come up with more and more creative ideas
on how to house their employees,'' Merschel
said, or else the housing shortage will
begin to strangle the economic growth.

Housing shortages in Santa Clara and San
Mateo counties already have created traffic
congestion problems as employees move out to
the Central Valley and commute through
Alameda County to their jobs to the south and
west.

 Some experts who spoke Friday at an Economic
Development Alliance for Business
meeting in Berkeley expressed concern that
employees will continue to move farther and
farther away from the job centers to find
affordable housing. That will worsen traffic
congestion and air pollution -- creating a
Los Angeles-like situation.

Despite the housing shortage, the East Bay
has been the fastest growing region in the
Bay Area since the mid-1980s.

In many ways, southern Alameda County is the
leader. Of the 50 largest East Bay
companies (based on 1999 revenue), more than
half are in Fremont, Newark,
Pleasanton, Dublin and Livermore.

High-tech clusters are emerging in Fremont,
Pleasanton, San Ramon, Walnut Creek and
Oakland.

According to the study, the East Bay is home
to 3,300 high-tech firms, with 129,000
employees. That includes:

Software -- 2,260 firms, with 54,000 employees.
Biotechnology -- 76 firms, 12,000 employees.
Telecommunications -- 304 firms, 18,300 employees.
Internet -- 70 firms, 11,200 employees.
Multimedia -- 280 firms, 1,150 employees.
Hardware, 318 firms, 32,200 employees.

The report predicts the East Bay will
continue at the ``forefront of the economy of the
new millennium.''

Sutton said ``the projections are still very
positive and we don't look for any economic
downturn in the near future.''

Contact Dennis Akizuki at dakizuki@sjmercury.com or (510) 790-7306.

A Tale of Two Cities: Housing in Silicon Valley
BY SUE MCALLISTER
Mercury News Staff Writer
Wednesday, April 26, 2000, The San Jose Mercury News

The median price of a single-family home in
Santa Clara County rocketed through the
half-million dollar mark in March, rising
nearly 39 percent from the same period a year
ago.

The $60,000 jump over February's level is yet
another leap in Silicon Valley's
unrelenting housing market as cash chases a
dwindling supply of houses for sale. The
traditionally most active house-buying months
of the year are still ahead.

Still, local real estate experts say the pace
may be slowing.

Countywide, the median price rose to $539,870
last month -- $151,050 higher than the
March 1999 figure of $388,820, according to a
report released Tuesday by the California
Association of Realtors. Although prices in
the county leaped forward, significantly
fewer homes -- 14 percent -- changed hands
last month than in March 1999.

Real estate industry experts blamed the
drop-off in sales activity on the dearth of homes
for sale in the county, and attributed the
steep rise in prices to high demand from new
residents and the proliferation of wealth in
Silicon Valley.

``The fact of the matter is, there is just
not a lot of developable, buildable land (in Silicon
Valley),'' said CAR's chief economist, Leslie
Appleton-Young. ``Couple that with
strong demand driven by the wealth-creation
of the IPO economy there, and the result is
a median home price of over $500,000 for the
county as a whole.''

The median price marks a midpoint, meaning
half the homes sold for more than the
median figure and half sold for less. The
figure is based on closed-escrow sales of
existing single-family detached homes. Sales
that closed in March opened in January and
February.

Using a real estate rule of thumb that buyers
can afford a house 2 1/2 to three times their
annual income, a $500,000 median means a
buyer would need income of $180,000 to
$216,000. The general rule doesn't take into
account large down payments funded from
cashed-in stock options.

Locally, realty agents expressed little
surprise at the median reaching the hefty price of
$500,000.

``We've been so close to the half-million
(median) for the last two months, I'm a little
numb,'' Carl San Miguel, president of the
Santa Clara County Association of Realtors,
said Tuesday. ``We've been anticipating it,
so here it is and it's kind of status quo.''

Despite the astronomical numbers, some
changes may be on the horizon. More houses
coming on the market, higher interest rates
and stock market volatility that could spook
some buyers may mean a cooling of the
cutthroat competitiveness that has prompted
skyrocketing sale prices.

San Miguel said buyers who are not cowed by
hearing a big number like $500,000 will
find more properties on the market than in
months past, and will be less likely to jump
into bidding wars with fellow house-hunters.

``There are still multiple offers, but not
quite as bad as it was in the dead of winter,'' he
said. ``I've found buyers are not willing to
participate in the buying frenzy if they hear
there's numerous offers on the properties.''

Price inflation isn't limited to Silicon
Valley. Surrounding counties are seeing sale prices
climb, too.

The March median price in the Bay Area rose
27.9 percent to $446,920 compared with a
year ago, the state association said. CAR
includes homes in Alameda, Contra Costa,
Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara
and Solano counties in the regional
figure.

 Statewide, the median price of a
single-family home rose to $238,870 in March, a 12.5
percent increase from March 1999, when it was
$212,330.

California homes sold at a seasonally
adjusted annualized rate of 562,090 in March, up
6.8 percent from the sales pace recorded for
the same month a year ago. The number
measures how many homes would sell in 2000 if
the March sales pace lasted throughout
the year.

The National Association of Realtors said
Tuesday that the national median price for a
single family home rose to $134,400 -- less
than a quarter of the local median. The
national number is up 3.7 percent from the
March 1999 median of $129,600.

Nationally, sales fell year to year, though
prices rose. Existing homes sold in March at a
seasonally adjusted annualized rate of 4.83
million units, down 9.2 percent from March
1999, but up 1.5 percent from the February
2000 pace.

A Tale of Two Cities: Housing in Minneapolis/St. Paul
Neal Gendler
Star Tribune
Wednesday, April 19, 2000. The Minneapolis Star-Tribune

Spring home sales again reach near-frenzied pace

Welcome to this spring's real-estate
market: too many buyers for too few houses, multiple offers driving up
prices and houses selling in just hours.

"We're selling houses as soon as they
are listed," said Fran Davis, president of the Minneapolis Area Association
of Realtors.

The 2000 real estate market is
starting to mirror the torrid market of 1999. Davis said, "The outlook is
great for sellers . . .Buyers should be prepared to react
quickly when they find their almost-perfect house."

House sales got off to a fast start
this year. Closed sales for the first quarter of 2000 are up 9.9 percent
over the same  period last year.

It's an early indicator that the Twin
Cities may experience its fifth consecutive year of exceedingly strong
sales. Home sales records were broken in 1996, 1997 and
1998, and 1999's closed sale total of 49,800 homes was slightly below the
all-time high of 50,594 sales in 1998.

Demand remains fueled by a very strong
economy, high consumer confidence, single-digit interest rates and an
apartment-vacancy rate below 2 percent.

Interest on the benchmark 30-year,
fixed-rate loan averaged 8.12 percent nationally last week,
compared with 6.87 percent a year earlier.

"Demand is so high that anything that
is well-priced and in good condition is selling extremely well," Davis said.

Buyers reacted in Minneapolis'
Longfellow neighborhood when Frank Susko put his three-bedroom pre-World
War I house on the market for
$129,900 on a recent Friday. It was
shown on Sunday. That evening, he got four offers and sold for $140,000.

"We thought we'd get a couple thousand
under list," Susko said Tuesday. He and partner Daniel Eakins expected one
or two offers the following
week. "We didn't expect four in eight
hours . . . which was fabulous," Susko said.

Another frenzy?

Many agents used the word "frenzy" to
label last spring's real estate activity and Davis said the word applies
again this year. She's the sales manager at
Coldwell Banker Burnet's Minneapolis
Lakes office.

But some say this year's buyers seem
less panicky. "A year ago, people would buy something with a half-moon on
the door," joked Coldwell Banker
Burnet agent Jimmy Fogel. "Now, it's
not quite as much of a frenzy if it's not priced right."

Apparently, Susko priced right. When
Fogel, his agent, held the Sunday open house, he had 60 to 70 parties look
at the house. Fogel said he arrived
about 10 minutes before the starting
time, and could not figure out why there was no parking anywhere on the
street. "It was like a Mafia movie: When
I opened my car door, all the other
car doors opened; there must have been 20 people ready to come in," he said.

Earlier that day, Fogel held an open
house in St. Louis Park at a $169,900 listing that by night brought three
offers and a sale above $180,000.

"I've been at this 23 years and I've
never seen this kind of inventory shortage for this length of time," he
said. "This has been going on for a year and a
half." One reason is a shortage of
homes for move-up buyers. Another is that younger people are doing so well.
"I'm selling houses to people in their
late 20s and early 30s at prices their
parents never could afford. There's just a lot of money."

Lynn Mathis, president of the Southern
Twin Cities Association of Realtors, called the market fast. Mathis, with
Edina Realty, said Realtors must
monitor listings and rush buyers over
for showings. "My personal opinion is we're not selling that much more real
estate, because we're spending so
much time trying to get that buyer to
that house before somebody else does."

Dwight Denyes, co-owner of Re/Max
Associates Plus, prominent in Anoka County, said he hopes last spring's
frenzy won't be repeated. "That market
was very, very trying for the public
and for the Realtors," he said. "You had people writing [offers on] four or
five homes before they could land one."

Inventory shortage

"We still have a shortage of
inventory," Denyes said. "That just seems persistent."

Last month ended with 12,730 listings
on the market, off 2 percent from 13,014 in March 1999, according to data
from the Regional Multiple Listing
Service. New listings processed in
March totaled 6,282, down 2.2 percent from 6,426 in March 1999 -- and last
spring's inventory was down sharply  from 1998.
Davis said prospective sellers, aware
of the tight market, are reluctant to list until they have something to
buy. This causes a chicken-and-egg problem.

Last month's 5,286 signed purchase
agreements were down 1.9 percent from 5,389 a year earlier. For the
quarter, such "sales pending" were up only 1 percent.

  One way to encourage sellers is the
growing use of offers with the closing date left open or subject to the
sellers finding a suitable home by some
agreed upon date, agents said.

Denyes said he expects the year to end
with sales slightly short of last year. Activity began taking off in mid
March, he said, and "we feel the market is
hitting its stride now."

Rising prices
 

When demand exceeds supply, prices
rise. Last year, the median price -- the midpoint -- set a record of
$138,000 in July. As the market cooled toward
fall, the median fell. Last month it
was $133,000, down from $137,500 in February. However, it was up 3.3
percent from $128,700 in March 1999.
For the first quarter of 2000, the
median was $135,000, up 7 percent from $126,200 in the 1999 period.

The 4,082 residential sales closed
last month were 21.2 percent more than 3,367 sales in March 1999. Davis
said that increase probably contributed to
a 23.7 percent rise in sales value:
$624.1 million, compared with $504.7 million a year earlier.

The future

Mathis said Edina Realty executives
expect another year and a half of great demand.

Denyes said some demand is soaked up
by new construction, which is "flourishing in our end of town."

Through March, home building in the
Twin Cities was roaring at a record-setting pace, with residential
construction permits up from the first quarter of
1999. Builders are concerned about
diminishing availability of land, causing lot prices to soar. Higher
new-home costs affect existing-home sales, but
it's not simple to correlate, Mathis said.

"The tighter it gets for the
new-construction buyer, the more they tend to come back to existing"
housing, Mathis said. But some people want to build,
and location, style or builder outweigh price. Denyes said
construction helps "to even out the supply and
demand equation" by creating inventory.
 

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