Several articles describing the environmental situation in contemporary Silicon Valley:

1.) Three articles that set up the historical context:

2.) Three articles about pollution in Silicon Valley 3.) Three articles about Cisco's development of the Coyote Valley, the last undeveloped land in Silicon Valley 4.) Silicon Valley Struggles With Urban Development


5.) HP Leads the Way in Computer Dispoosal and Recycling

Reviewer: Anonymous
Date: July 17, 1997

Rent (one bedroom): $1100
Rent (two bedrooms): $1400
Rent Reasonability: About Average
Rent gets raised: No Comment
Average rent increase: No Comment
Age of complex: 5-10 years
Apartment Itself: Very Nice!
Maintenance (Apartment): Responsive and professionally done
Maintenance (Grounds): Beautiful! First Class!
Parking: Crap shoot
Neighbors: No Comment
Rental Office: No Comment
Surrounding Area: No Comment
Pets: No Comment

Review: Though I have not lived at Mansion Grove, I know several friends that live there. First of all, I must mention that the place is beautiful itself, and
they have just made the community gated (though they still haven't activated the gates yet.) There are plenty of fountains (which they turn off at night), a
heated swimming pool, spas, tennis courts, weight room, and other first class amnenities. However, I must point out the negatives. First, it is located in the
middle of a desolate brown field that is very ugly. There are views of the Guadalupe River, but that River can get very ugly in the winter, with all the rains.
All kinds of trash collects in that river, and it is always brown.

But the worst thing about Mansion Grove is that it is located on an old SuperFund site dumping ground. SuperFund sites are sections of land that the
government said were unsafe due to toxic levels of pollutants in the soil. In fact, when you apply, you are asked to read a large document that contains
information regarding the various concentrations of pollutants. Basically, it's not worth your health to live in such an unclean environment, even though
the prices at Mansion Grove are quite reasonable, considering the amnenities.

Overall: No Comment

Birth Defects and Superfund Sites (Fall, 1997)

                                                      New research suggests increased risk for certain birth defects when women live very
                                                      close to Superfund sites in early pregnancy. The study by the CA Birth Defects
                                                      Monitoring Program (CBDMP) looked at three common birth defects: neural tube
                                                      defects (spina bifida and anacephaly), conotruncal heart defects (a group of serious
                                                      heart defects), and cleft lip and cleft palate. Study findings suggest that women who
                                                      lived with in 1/4 mile of a Superfund site during the first three months of pregnancy
                                                      were four times more likely to give birth to a baby with serious heart defects, and 2
                                                      times more likely to give birth to a baby with neural tube defects. Children born with
                                                      cleft lip and cleft palate occurred no more frequently than expected. Women who
                                                      lived further than 1/4 mile from the sites were not at higher risk.

                                                      Researchers say the results are reinforced by similar findings in other studies but
                                                      cannot be considered definitive because of the small number of women living very
                                                      close to the sites. Even with the small number of women living close to Superfund
                                                      sites, the study itself was comprehensive. In the largest study of its kind, the CA
                                                      Birth Defects Monitoring Program interviewed more than 200 mothers, including
                                                      those with healthy babies in a wide area across California. It was the first
                                                      investigation to focus on the vulnerable months surrounding early pregnancy when
                                                      these birth defects occur. And it took into account other issues such as lack of
                                                      vitamin use, cigarette smoking, race/ethnicity and socio-economic status.

                                                      How many women are affected by the higher risk? Only 0.6% of the mothers
                                                      interviewed lived within 1/4 mile of a Superfund site during early pregnancy. About
                                                      half of these women lived on military bases. The study couldn't measure whether
                                                      mothers were actually exposed to chemicals from those sites. "It's hard to study
                                                      these chemical soups", said the study author, Lisa Croen, PhD of the CBDMP.
                                                      Superfund sites are those on the National Priority List targeted for cleanup. Of the
                                                      1400 sites in the US, 105 are in CA and the county having the most (29), is Santa
                                                      Clara County. Sites include inactive pesticide and chemical manufacturing plants,
                                                      wood processing facilities, drum storage sites, contaminated groundwater areas,
                                                      sanitary landfills and mines. Military bases make up 20% of California's Superfund
                                                      sites.

                                                      The small number of cases around hazardous waste sites means the findings do not
                                                      have strong statistical power. However, they do support early research hinting at
                                                      higher risk. The higher risk for certain birth defects are relevant as communities plan
                                                      development around hazardous waste sites or re-use of these sites.

                                                      Source: CA Dept. of Health Services Press Release and CBDMP Info Packet
                                                      (6/16/97)

                                                      CBDMP is a public health program devoted to finding causes of birth defects and is
                                                      funded through the CA Dept. of Health Services and jointly operated with the March
                                                      of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. For more information, or to obtain a copy of the
                                                      study, call CBDMP at 209-224-2212

Outcry growing over Cisco's plan.Cities say San Jose environmental report understates the impact of Coyote campus

BY NOAM LEVEY
Mercury News Staff Writer

Underscoring the rising tensions over Silicon
Valley's sprawl, San Jose's southern
neighbors are stepping up their complaints
about Cisco Systems' plans for a huge new
campus in Coyote Valley and accusing San Jose
of grossly underestimating how much
the development would disrupt life in their
communities.

Cities from Monterey to Salinas to Hollister
envision a dim future in which thousands of
Cisco workers flood their unprepared region,
saddling the area with more traffic, dirtier
air and higher housing prices, just like
Silicon Valley.

"We are a natural target for those employees
who want access to the lifestyle here and
the greater housing opportunities in our
region,'' said Kate McKenna, special project
manager for the Association of Monterey Bay
Area Governments.

San Jose's draft report on the environmental
impact of the Cisco campus fails to
acknowledge its effect on the Monterey Bay
region, some officials there complain. They
want San Jose's planners to redo the report
before it's sent to the city council for
approval -- a major step toward construction
of the Cisco campus.

Reacting to the report, several leaders have
even asked San Jose to help them cope with
the projected growth by spending millions to
subsidize mass transit and housing. Others
have called on San Jose to open up land in
San Jose itself for housing development.

San Jose city planners have concluded that
just 20 percent of the 20,000 people expected
to work at Cisco's new Coyote Valley campus
will live south of San Jose.

``There just aren't any close options for
housing to the south,'' said San Jose Deputy
Planning Director Joseph Horwedel, explaining
that planners looked at regional
estimates that forecast far more housing
production in the Bay Area than to the south.

``If you go north, you have all this housing
development going on. In San Jose alone,
we're building 5,000 units a year.''

While many cities to the south have imposed
strict growth limits, San Jose plans to build
about 43,000 new housing units in the next
decade. And although many of the roads to
the south are two-lane country roads or
undeveloped freeways such as U.S. 101 south
of Gilroy, the Bay Area has a massive matrix
of six- and eight-lane expressways that
feed into the South Bay.

That could encourage many Cisco workers to
take advantage of a ``reverse commute''
that would allow drivers to speed down
southbound roads in the mornings while
northbound highways feeding into San Jose
from the south are clogged, planners say.

Most live north

To back up their predictions, San Jose city
planners point out in the environmental
impact report they prepared on the project
that the vast majority of the Cisco employees
working at the company's North San Jose
campus live in San Jose or points north.

The report estimates that just 12 percent of
the workers will live in the Morgan Hill and
Gilroy area, 5 percent in San Benito County,
2 percent in Monterey County and 1
percent in Santa Cruz County.

With so few commuters from the south, the
city has concluded that development of
Coyote Valley will have little effect on
traffic and air quality in San Benito, Santa Cruz
and Monterey counties. The report does not
even analyze traffic conditions south of
Morgan Hill.

To regional planners to the south such as
McKenna, those conclusions are fatally
flawed. They see a very different reality
unfolding in their back yards.

``There is not adequate recognition that the
project will have major regional
implications,'' McKenna said.

San Jose city planners may talk confidently
about Cisco workers choosing to live in the
Bay Area rather than points south, but the
already changing landscape of San Benito,
Santa Cruz, Monterey and even Merced counties
seems to suggest otherwise.

Limited housing, poor roads and long commutes
do not appear to have dissuaded Silicon
Valley residents from snapping up homes from
Los Banos to Monterey. Even by South
Bay standards, many of these cities are
growing like wildfire.

In Los Banos, an influx of new residents
fueled a 39 percent gain in that city's
 population from 1990 to 1995, and officials
predict the city will more than double to
51,000 residents in the next 20 years.

In Hollister, growth is overwhelming the
city's sewer treatment plant, and last summer
prompted city leaders to put a moratorium on
new building permits.

Although there are few studies of how much of
this growth is directly caused by Silicon
Valley spillover, anecdotal evidence suggests
the impact is significant.

When Monterey County last summer surveyed
home sales in subdivisions being built on
the north side of Salinas, sales
representatives reported that between 20 and 50 percent
of the buyers were from Silicon Valley. And
many planners simply point to the
deteriorating traffic conditions on the
region's main highways as a dramatic illustration
of the rising number of residents who now
drive up to Silicon Valley every morning.

Though they are increasing steadily, housing
prices in San Benito and Monterey counties
remain significantly lower than those in
Silicon Valley, with the median home price in
Hollister $100,000 less than in San Jose,
according to February sales figures.

Officials to the south say their market will
be very tempting to Cisco's new employees,
many of whom may not even be able to afford a
home in San Jose, where the median
home price pushed above $360,000 in February.

And unlike the company's North San Jose
workers, Coyote Valley workers will not
only be 15 miles closer to Hollister and
points south, they will also be spared the chore
of traversing the San Jose metropolis to get
to work. Hollister and Santa Cruz will be 40
miles from the Cisco campus, ``well within
the commuting range for future employees,''
AMBAG noted in a letter to San Jose planners.

``This housing demand cannot possibly be met
in the incredibly overheated housing
market in the South Bay and Peninsula,''
Salinas Mayor Anna Caballero told San Jose
officials.

Even Santa Clara County Planning Director Ann
Draper noted in a letter to San Jose that
estimates that 80 percent of Cisco's workers
will live north of Coyote Valley ``may be
overstated.''

Growing increasingly frustrated that their
concerns are not being addressed -- many of
these leaders raised the same questions about
the project last year -- some cities are
asking San Jose to either pay for the
consequences of the growth or build more housing
in San Jose to alleviate growth pressures to
the south.

Salinas was joined by the city of Marina in
asking San Jose to open up land in Coyote
Valley for further housing development closer
to the project.

Salinas has also made other far-reaching
demands, asking San Jose and Cisco to commit
more than $10 million to subsidize an
extension of Caltrain service to Salinas and
perhaps millions more toward the $20 million
cost of developing the line.

$1 million asked

In a letter to San Jose, Salinas' mayor
Caballero also asked Cisco to contribute $1
million a year over the next 20 years to
develop low-income housing and to set up
apprenticeship programs in the city's schools.

Gov. Gray Davis last week outlined his
support for funding a Caltrain extension south
of Gilroy. Cisco spokesman Steve Langdon said
the company is committed to being a
good corporate citizen. ``We are very
interested in talking with communities like Salinas
about cooperation,'' Langdon said, noting
Cisco's contributions to housing in Silicon
Valley.

But San Jose officials appear unlikely to
accede to demands to open more land here for
development.

`These other cities have issues of their
own,'' said San Jose Mayor Ron Gonzales.
`They need to be focusing on controlling
their own growth.''

The Coyote Valley Urban Reserve south of
where Cisco wants to build has been set
aside for housing, but only when certain
triggers are met. Those include a projection of
five years of balanced budgets and a return
to the level of city services offered in 1993. It
could be years before those triggers are met,
and there is little political will in San Jose to
change them.

Nor is there much interest in slowing down
the Cisco project for the benefit of
communities to the south, which some believe
unfairly want to dodge the costs
associated with a booming economy.

San Jose city planners said they are
reviewing the issues raised by cities to the south, but
officials are sticking by their estimates. It
appears unlikely that anyone in City Hall will
do anything to stop the project.

Controversial Cisco Systems expansion OK'd in San Jose, Calif.

SAN JOSE, Calif. - City planners have
approved a controversial expansion by Cisco Systems Inc. into one of
SiliconValley's last remaining agricultural areas.

Despite objections from
environmentalists and neighboring communities, as well as threatened
lawsuits, the city's planning commission on
Wednesday said economic, legal,
social, technological and other benefits outweighed the environmental
impact.

The Internet equipment company wants
to build a $1.3 billion, 688-acre office complex in the northern part of
the Coyote Valley's remaining 6,000
acres of hills and farmland. The
city's largest private employer, it has completed six new office
construction projects at its San Jose headquarters in
recent years, and Cisco estimates it
will need room for 20,000 more as it adds about 1,000 employees a month.

Opponents argue the development would
destroy the area's agricultural character and bring to mostly rural
communities congested roads and housing
prices that have rocketed 34 percent in just a year.

Coyote Valley was incorporated into
San Jose in 1958, but the city has delayed substantial development in the
area because it does not get enough tax
revenues from businesses to pay for
city services such as sewer lines, libraries and schools. Planners say new
housing will not be built in the area for
years.

Environmental groups, including the
Sierra Club and Audubon Society, contend animal and plant habitats will be
threatened by development.

The San Jose Planning Commission has
scheduled meetings for late this month and early October to consider the
report. If approved, the matter goes
to the city council, which is expected
to give it the go-ahead.

Mayor Anna Caballero of neighboring
Salinas said she and other city leaders would renew their objections to the
development at upcoming hearings
before deciding whether to take legal
action.

© Copyright 2000 Minneapolis Star Tribune. All rights reserved.
 


SAN JOSE CLEARS CISCO COMPLEX
The New York Times,10/26/2000

              The networking giant Cisco Systems, Silicon Valley's
              biggest employer, received final government approval for a
              planned $1.3 billion corporate office complex to be built in
              a rural area south of San Jose, Calif. The expansion project,
              which calls for a 688-acre office park for 20,000 Cisco
              employees, was unanimously approved by the City Council,
              with one member abstaining because of a conflict of
              interest. The project was approved several weeks ago by the
              city planning commission. Cisco's proposal has been at the
              center of controversy in recent months because it will
              encroach on one of Silicon Valley's last rural tracts, known
              as Coyote Valley. To appease opponents of the plan, Cisco
              announced recently that it would donate $3 million and
              help raise $97 million more for land preservation efforts.
              But it remains unclear whether those steps will be enough
              to placate environmental opponents.

              Laurie J. Flynn (NYT)

While other cities clamor for more tech, Silicon Valley wants less
Bettina Boxall / Los Angeles Times

SAN MATEO, CALIF. -- As high-tech
businesses desperate for office space push the boundaries of SiliconValley
north toward San Francisco,
cities caught in the advancing wave
are beginning to rebel.

Confronted with insane housing prices
and worsening traffic and worried that local shopping districts will be
taken over by Internet companies, many
communities on the San Francisco
Peninsula are throwing up barriers in the dot-coms' golden paths.

Cities are passing ordinances
restricting the location of technology firms, slashing office-space
densities and, in some cases, turning down projects that
could house dot-com companies.

"What I think you're hearing is,
'We're losing the small-city feel. There's too much traffic, too much
activity.' I understand that," said John Baer, a
San Carlos, Calif., developer. "But the reality is, you've got a peninsula
that, bless its soul, is on fire right now."

The concerns are striking because they
focus on the home-grown industry, the one that started just down the
highway and rained riches and
recognition on the area.

From the old-fashioned downtown of San
Mateo to the new corporate parks of Redwood City, Calif., and the
leafy streets of the commercial core
in Palo Alto, Calif., there is growing anxiety about the effect of the
dot-com explosion, which has driven office
vacancy rates below 1 percent in many cities.

"We need to pay attention to what is
occurring," said Susan Arpan, a Palo Alto official and leader of a regional
economic development coalition
examining the issue.

In Foster City, Calif., a start-up
software company is leasing and renovating an elegant old corner building
that formerly was home to a women's
clothing store, and before that, a
department store.

The company's arrival a couple of
months ago contributed to quite a stir in this tidy city of 95,000 halfway
down the peninsula.

Locals looked at the corner space and
then down the block at a former bank building now occupied by an Internet
travel agency that closes its blinds
to the street.

 Didn't like what saw

They didn't like what they saw.

"When this hit, it was a red flag
waving," said Bob Nutini, who owns a men's clothing store next to the
travel firm and sits on the board of a
downtown business association.

Recently the San Mateo City Council
passed a moratorium on conversion of core downtown retail space to office
use. It later expanded the
moratorium to another shopping
district, and city officials then extended for six months both bans while
considering permanent zoning restrictions.

Officials in San Mateo and other
peninsula cities say it's not that they don't want dot-com offices in their
communities. They just don't want them
everywhere, squeezing out locally
owned stores, taking parking and occupying land that could be used for
badly needed housing.

They also worry that if the dot-com
industry takes a serious nose dive, they will be burdened with empty
buildings.

San Mateo is particularly protective
of its downtown, which has managed to avoid the unfavorable fates of many
other small urban centers.

It is neither a yuppified, outdoor
mall nor a scrawny has-been. It is a healthy commercial core of small
independent shops, restaurants and a few chain
stores, a place where residents can
get their hair cut and buy a pair of shoes or a bicycle.

 Store owners are terrified they will
be displaced by dot-com firms happy to pay more than the shopkeepers could
afford.

"Probably in the next five or six
years a lot of [merchants] will be leaving here," predicted Serop
Samurkashian, whose wife runs a downtown
shoe-repair shop that is struggling
after a recent $16,000-a-year rent hike.

Peter Pau's San Mateo firm develops
and leases commercial space. He rented 18,000 square feet to themoment -- a
firm that develops e-commerce
software for companies.

Good and bad

"People are being affected, and rents
are high, and a lot of people don't like it," he conceded. But he hastened
to point out that the former clothing
store had been empty for more than a
year. Pau said he looked for a good retail tenant but couldn't find one.

"It's supply [and] demand," he said.
"If retailers want to be here, they can come here. It's not like they're
being shut out."

Moreover, he thinks many people
unfamiliar with the dot-com world harbor an unjustified disdain for it.

"They just don't like them. They're
different. They wear T-shirts to work," Pau said. "I see a lot of these
companies with young people. There's
nothing wrong with them. Why should we
discriminate against them?"

Certainly, there's nothing threatening
about themoment's CEO, Lawrence Frye. He's a conservatively dressed,
middle-age man who easily could pass
for a Wall Street investment banker.

Frye chooses his words carefully,
gently suggesting that his 60 employees are an asset to downtown.

"We are infusing a high degree of
energy and enthusiasm and commerce in the community," he said. Given the
hours of a start-up venture, many of
his workers are eating breakfast,
lunch and dinner downtown six days a week, he added.

Frye moved his 1-year-old firm from
two other locations, one in San Mateo and one in San Bruno, Calif.

The downtown address appealed to him
because it is near a commuter-train stop and cost about a quarter of what
premium business-park space
would in some SiliconValley cities.

And Frye said he wanted to stay in the
Bay Area because of what he called its chemistry. This is where Internet
firms find the talent, the investment
capital and the entrepreneurship that
fuels them.

But the disadvantages of the region's
popularity and prosperity are becoming more and more apparent to local
officials.

'Caught up in whole trend'

"We're just one city caught up in a
whole trend," said Kris Schenk, Menlo Park's director of community
development. "Prices are going up so high
that it threatens a lot of things --
the traditional community values." San Mateo Mayor Jan Epstein said
longtime residents of her city are cashing out
and leaving. The pace of daily life
has become too fast for them.

"There's a tension over the amount of
change and a question in people's minds about degrading quality of life,"
she said.

Nearby, in Redwood City, growth has
been so frenetic that officials are having second thoughts after approving
3.5 million square feet of new office
space in the past two years.

SiliconValley office demand has "just
marched up the peninsula toward San Francisco and we sit right in the
middle," said Redwood City Vice
Mayor Richard Claire. Ed Everett, the
city manager, said: "Nobody expected this explosion. People who bought land
have become millionaires in the
past three years."

On the one hand, Redwood City
officials are delighted that their longtime moribund community finally has
joined the dot-com boom.

But traffic on the nearby Hwy. 280 has
slowed to a crawl. The price for an average single-family home starts at
$500,000, an impossible sum for
those who provide the backbone of
civic services.

"We can't find teachers. We can't get
police officers to live in this area," said Claire, a college instructor
who has students starting at computer
programming jobs for more than he makes.

Act to slow growth

Redwood City's City Council passed an
ordinance recently to slow office growth by increasing parking requirements
and reducing densities for new
developments.

"What we did was stop the free-for-all
in Redwood City, and the developers are all very upset," said Deborah
Nelson,community development
director.

A bit to the south, Menlo Park reached
its projected 2010 build-out for office space in the late 1990s. It now
wants to attract non-dot-com businesses,
said Schenk, the community development
director.

Recently, he said, the City Council
rejected a proposal for a new office complex, despite the developer's
willingness to throw in a lot of expensive
extras to sweeten the deal.

San Carlos also just tightened its
zoning to ensure offices do not replace ground-floor retail in its downtown
core. Baer, a partner in JMS
Development, argues that localized
zoning changes are not going to contain the powerful market forces shaping
the entire region.

 "It's very unlikely you're going to
roll this back. So then the question is, 'How do you manage it?' " he said.

It's a question even dot-com companies
soon may be asking. Frye says his well-paid employees
barely can afford to buy a home in the San Mateo area. "Many of the newer
people are, frankly, priced out of the
market."

© Copyright 2000 Los Angeles Times.
All rights reserved.

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