• Apple and the PC Revolution
• Growth of the PC industry after 1980
• Top 5 PC companies in 1981 (annual sales in $ millions):
• Apple (401), Tandy/Radio Shack (293), HP (235), Commodore (162), no one else above (20)
• IBM releases PC in October, 1981
• Top 5 PC companies in 1982 (annual sales in $ millions):
• Apple (664), IBM (500), Tandy/Radio Shack (466), Commodore (368), HP (330)
• Top 5 PC companies in 1983 (annual sales in $ millions):
• IBM (1500), Apple (1085), Commodore (927), Tandy/Radio Shack (598), HP (441)
• The Software Revolution
• Microsoft and IBM
• Microsoft acquires "The Quick and Dirty Operating System" (QDOS) from Seattle Computing devices (1980)
• Paid $50,000 for full ownership
• IBM PC released with Microsoft PC-DOS as its operating system (OS), with Microsoft BASIC and other languages (1981)
• IBM PCs become the business standard, Microsoft "rides the bear" to software dominance (1981-1985)
• Tensions grow between IBM and Microsoft (1985-1990)
• Open architecture of IBM PC allows clones
• Compaq computer of Texas "reverse engineers" an IBM PC (1982)
• "IBM-compatible" Compaq PC released (1983); Company records $111 million in sales in first year, a U.S. record
• Other "IBM-compatible"clones follow
• Hardware makers like Intel and software makers like Microsoft prosper in open environment
• IBM struggles with profitabilty in its PC sector
• IBM decides to return to closed architecture; commissions Microsoft to develop IBM OS/2
• Microsoft develops first Windows operating system in parallel
• Microsoft and IBM divorce (1990)
• IBM commits to closed architecture and OS/2; quickly fades to margins of PC industry
• Foundation of Wintel duopoly laid
• "IBM-Compatible" PC clones using Intel microprocessors
• 85% of PCs built with Intel chips
• Microsoft Windows OS and software
• The Macintosh: The Machine that Changed it All
• Origins: The Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC) founded 1970
• Bob Taylor
• Alan Kay
• The Alto Computer
• Steve Jobs and the Macintosh Team at Apple
• The 1984 Release
• The original 128K Macintosh: $2495
• 1984 Super Bowl Ad
• Software package provided by Microsoft (word processing, other programs, but not OS)
• Toward the Hegemony of the Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• "Killer App" of the GUI: Desktop Publishing
• Adobe Software Systems founded (1982)
• Apple defines "countercultural" corporate culture
• Apple Advertisements I
• Apple Advertisements II
• Apple Advertisements III
• The recent "Think different" TV ad
• The "Think Different" Photo Campaign
• Microsoft releases Windows 3.0 OS (1990); conflicts with Apple Computer begin

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